High prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of affected individuals.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy/hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of affected individuals.

STUDY DESIGN: Family history data were obtained on 1224 self-reported cases of hyperemesis gravidarum. Cases completed an online survey administered by the Hyperemesis Education and Research Foundation between 2003 and 2006.

RESULTS: Approximately 28% of cases reported their mother had severe nausea and vomiting or hyperemesis gravidarum while pregnant with them. Of the 721 sisters with a pregnancy history, 137 (19%) had hyperemesis gravidarum. Among the most severe cases, those requiring total parenteral nutrition or nasogastric feeding tube, the proportion of affected sisters was even higher, 49/198 (25%). Nine percent of cases reported having at least two affected relatives including sister(s), mother, grandmother, daughters, aunt(s), and cousin(s).

CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy/hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of hyperemesis gravidarum cases in this study population. Because the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum is most commonly reported to be 0.5%, this study provides strong but preliminary evidence for a genetic component to extreme nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.