[Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy: should the area involved be in the name of the syndrome?].

INTRODUCTION: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy (RPL) is a syndrome of headache, vomiting and focal neurologic deficits with reversible lesions in posterior areas of the brain at the same time.

CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a patient with a background of multiple diseases presenting a syndrome compatible with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy. He presented seizures during a hospital stay. Among his background, he had several factors that are presently considered to be involved in its etiopathogeny. The most important ones are renal failure, hypertension and immunosuppressive agents. Magnetic resonance (MR) showed radiological typical changes of RPL syndrome but not only affecting the posterior regions of the brain. We confirmed the diagnostic suspicion after complete clinical and radiological recovery of the condition, and the patient did not have new episodes after the normalization of the neuroimage.

CONCLUSIONS: We made a review of the etiopathogeny. We question the adequacy of the name of the syndrome, given the extension of the lesions in the neuroimage.