Imaging and invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment of surgical infections.

BACKGROUND: Advances in imaging techniques have caused a radical change in the radiologic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of surgical infections.

METHOD: Review of the pertinent English-language literature.

RESULTS: Ultrasonography (US) is a useful modality for the initial evaluation of intra-abdominal infection, whereas computed tomography (CT) often represents the modality of choice for definitive identification of the cause and extent of the infection. Both US and CT can be used to guide diagnostic fluid aspiration or drainage catheter placement. Fluoroscopy may be useful for diagnostic and interventional procedures in the biliary and urinary tracts, whereas magnetic resonance imaging plays a leading role in evaluating bone and soft tissue structures and the pancreatobiliary tree.

CONCLUSION: The choice of imaging study must be individualized to the particular circumstances of the clinical situation, particularly whether image-guided therapy may be required in addition to diagnosis. Computed tomography is the most versatile for most clinical circumstances.