Solvent/detergent plasma for prevention of bleeding in recessively inherited coagulation disorders: dosing, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This open-label multicenter trial of solvent/detergent (SD) plasma involving 17 patients with recessively inherited coagulation disorders (one afibrinogenemia, four FV, six combined FV and FVIII, one FX and five FXI deficiencies) evaluated the pharmacokinetics of the deficient factors and hemostatic efficacy.

DESIGN AND METHODS: In vivo recovery (IVR) of the deficient coagulation factor was determined in a non-bleeding state in all patients and the mean values for FV, FVIII, FX, FXI and fibrinogen were 1.3, 1.2, 1.5, 1.3 and 1.5 dL/Kg, respectively. The mean plasma half-life of FV, FVIII and FX was 18, 43 and 33 hours, respectively. All patients underwent replacement therapy for elective procedures at risk of bleeding (surgery in 14 cases and vaginal delivery in two patients), except one treated for a central nervous system surgical emergency.

RESULTS: Treatment courses with SD plasma were judged fully effective in 13/16 cases (81%). In the remaining three cases, mild bleeding occurred after major surgery in a FV deficient patient with a factor level of 43% and in a FXI deficient patient when factor levels were between 20% and 41%; and after minor surgery in a patient with FV and FVIII deficiency when factor levels were 41% and 18%, respectively. Bleeding was controlled by continuing or increasing treatment with SD plasma.

INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, even though the current absolute risk of blood-borne infections associated with fresh-frozen plasma is relatively small, SD plasma should be preferred in patients with recessively inherited coagulation disorders who need replacement therapy when virus-inactivated single-factor concentrates are not available.