We have located links that may give you full text access.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL
Agoraphobia in adults: incidence and longitudinal relationship with panic.
British Journal of Psychiatry 2006 May
BACKGROUND: Theories regarding how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate are based mostly on cross-sectional and/or clinic data.
AIMS: To determine how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate longitudinally, and to estimate the incidence rate of and other possible risk factors for first-onset agoraphobia, using a general population cohort.
METHOD: A sample of 1920 adults in east Baltimore were assessed in 1981-1982 and the mid-1990s with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Psychiatrist diagnoses were made in a subset of the sample at follow-up (n = 816).
RESULTS: Forty-one new cases of DIS/DSM-III-R agoraphobia were identified (about 2 per 1000 person-years at risk). As expected, baseline DIS/DSM-III panic disorder predicted first incidence of agoraphobia (OR = 12, 95% CI 3.2-45), as did younger age, female gender and other age, female gender and other phobias. Importantly, baseline agoraphobia without spontaneous panic attacks also predicted first incidence of panic disorder (OR=3.9, 95% CI1.8-8.4). Longitudinal relationships between panic disorder and psychiatrist-confirmed agoraphobia were strong (panic before agoraphobia OR=20, 95% CI 2.3-180; agoraphobia before panic OR=16, 95% CI 3.2-78).
CONCLUSIONS: The implied one-way causal relationship between spontaneous panic attacks and agoraphobia in DSM-IV appears incorrect.
AIMS: To determine how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate longitudinally, and to estimate the incidence rate of and other possible risk factors for first-onset agoraphobia, using a general population cohort.
METHOD: A sample of 1920 adults in east Baltimore were assessed in 1981-1982 and the mid-1990s with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Psychiatrist diagnoses were made in a subset of the sample at follow-up (n = 816).
RESULTS: Forty-one new cases of DIS/DSM-III-R agoraphobia were identified (about 2 per 1000 person-years at risk). As expected, baseline DIS/DSM-III panic disorder predicted first incidence of agoraphobia (OR = 12, 95% CI 3.2-45), as did younger age, female gender and other age, female gender and other phobias. Importantly, baseline agoraphobia without spontaneous panic attacks also predicted first incidence of panic disorder (OR=3.9, 95% CI1.8-8.4). Longitudinal relationships between panic disorder and psychiatrist-confirmed agoraphobia were strong (panic before agoraphobia OR=20, 95% CI 2.3-180; agoraphobia before panic OR=16, 95% CI 3.2-78).
CONCLUSIONS: The implied one-way causal relationship between spontaneous panic attacks and agoraphobia in DSM-IV appears incorrect.
Full text links
Related Resources
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app