We have located links that may give you full text access.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
REVIEW
The cardiovascular continuum and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade.
Journal of Hypertension. Supplement : Official Journal of the International Society of Hypertension 2005 April
A progressive chain of pathophysiological events links cardiovascular risk factors to clinical manifestations of disease and life-threatening cardiovascular events. This chain--the cardiovascular continuum--underlies cardiovascular disease and holds the key to its prevention and treatment. Progressive tissue damage can result in morbidity from congestive heart failure, end-stage heart disease, nephrotic proteinuria and dementia and, eventually, death from cardio- or cerebrovascular causes. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is involved at all stages of the cardiovascular continuum, because the effector molecules of the RAAS, angiotensin II in particular, have direct pathobiological effects on a variety of tissues, including the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle and the renal mesangium. Clinical trials of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have demonstrated the essential validity of this hypothesis. Interruption of the RAAS has been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure and post-myocardial infarction, as well as renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Key questions remain, however. What are the clinical effects of combination ARB and ACE inhibitor treatment? How will combinations of RAAS blockade with other agents, such as statins, affect the cardiovascular continuum? Answers to these questions will require well-planned, adequately powered clinical trials, such as the Programme of Research tO evaluate Telmisartan End-organ proteCTION (PROTECTION) and the ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) programmes. However, it is already clear that RAAS blockade is an essential part of blocking progression along the cardiovascular continuum.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure.Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2024 Februrary 30
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in chronic insomnia: A review of clinical guidelines and case reports.Mental Health Clinician 2023 October
World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification of eosinophilic disorders: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.American Journal of Hematology 2024 March 30
Anti-Arrhythmic Effects of Heart Failure Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy and Their Role in the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: From Beta-Blockers to Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Beyond.Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024 Februrary 27
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app