JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T
RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.
Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution.
Richard A Gibbs, George M Weinstock, Michael L Metzker, Donna M Muzny, Erica J Sodergren, Steven Scherer, Graham Scott, David Steffen, Kim C Worley, Paula E Burch, Geoffrey Okwuonu, Sandra Hines, Lora Lewis, Christine DeRamo, Oliver Delgado, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, George Miner, Margaret Morgan, Alicia Hawes, Rachel Gill, Celera, Robert A Holt, Mark D Adams, Peter G Amanatides, Holly Baden-Tillson, Mary Barnstead, Soo Chin, Cheryl A Evans, Steve Ferriera, Carl Fosler, Anna Glodek, Zhiping Gu, Don Jennings, Cheryl L Kraft, Trixie Nguyen, Cynthia M Pfannkoch, Cynthia Sitter, Granger G Sutton, J Craig Venter, Trevor Woodage, Douglas Smith, Hong-Mei Lee, Erik Gustafson, Patrick Cahill, Arnold Kana, Lynn Doucette-Stamm, Keith Weinstock, Kim Fechtel, Robert B Weiss, Diane M Dunn, Eric D Green, Robert W Blakesley, Gerard G Bouffard, Pieter J De Jong, Kazutoyo Osoegawa, Baoli Zhu, Marco Marra, Jacqueline Schein, Ian Bosdet, Chris Fjell, Steven Jones, Martin Krzywinski, Carrie Mathewson, Asim Siddiqui, Natasja Wye, John McPherson, Shaying Zhao, Claire M Fraser, Jyoti Shetty, Sofiya Shatsman, Keita Geer, Yixin Chen, Sofyia Abramzon, William C Nierman, Paul H Havlak, Rui Chen, K James Durbin, Amy Egan, Yanru Ren, Xing-Zhi Song, Bingshan Li, Yue Liu, Xiang Qin, Simon Cawley, Kim C Worley, A J Cooney, Lisa M D'Souza, Kirt Martin, Jia Qian Wu, Manuel L Gonzalez-Garay, Andrew R Jackson, Kenneth J Kalafus, Michael P McLeod, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, Davinder Virk, Andrei Volkov, David A Wheeler, Zhengdong Zhang, Jeffrey A Bailey, Evan E Eichler, Eray Tuzun, Ewan Birney, Emmanuel Mongin, Abel Ureta-Vidal, Cara Woodwark, Evgeny Zdobnov, Peer Bork, Mikita Suyama, David Torrents, Marina Alexandersson, Barbara J Trask, Janet M Young, Hui Huang, Huajun Wang, Heming Xing, Sue Daniels, Darryl Gietzen, Jeanette Schmidt, Kristian Stevens, Ursula Vitt, Jim Wingrove, Francisco Camara, M Mar Albà, Josep F Abril, Roderic Guigo, Arian Smit, Inna Dubchak, Edward M Rubin, Olivier Couronne, Alexander Poliakov, Norbert Hübner, Detlev Ganten, Claudia Goesele, Oliver Hummel, Thomas Kreitler, Young-Ae Lee, Jan Monti, Herbert Schulz, Heike Zimdahl, Heinz Himmelbauer, Hans Lehrach, Howard J Jacob, Susan Bromberg, Jo Gullings-Handley, Michael I Jensen-Seaman, Anne E Kwitek, Jozef Lazar, Dean Pasko, Peter J Tonellato, Simon Twigger, Chris P Ponting, Jose M Duarte, Stephen Rice, Leo Goodstadt, Scott A Beatson, Richard D Emes, Eitan E Winter, Caleb Webber, Petra Brandt, Gerald Nyakatura, Margaret Adetobi, Francesca Chiaromonte, Laura Elnitski, Pallavi Eswara, Ross C Hardison, Minmei Hou, Diana Kolbe, Kateryna Makova, Webb Miller, Anton Nekrutenko, Cathy Riemer, Scott Schwartz, James Taylor, Shan Yang, Yi Zhang, Klaus Lindpaintner, T Dan Andrews, Mario Caccamo, Michele Clamp, Laura Clarke, Valerie Curwen, Richard Durbin, Eduardo Eyras, Stephen M Searle, Gregory M Cooper, Serafim Batzoglou, Michael Brudno, Arend Sidow, Eric A Stone, J Craig Venter, Bret A Payseur, Guillaume Bourque, Carlos López-Otín, Xose S Puente, Kushal Chakrabarti, Sourav Chatterji, Colin Dewey, Lior Pachter, Nicolas Bray, Von Bing Yap, Anat Caspi, Glenn Tesler, Pavel A Pevzner, David Haussler, Krishna M Roskin, Robert Baertsch, Hiram Clawson, Terrence S Furey, Angie S Hinrichs, Donna Karolchik, William J Kent, Kate R Rosenbloom, Heather Trumbower, Matt Weirauch, David N Cooper, Peter D Stenson, Bin Ma, Michael Brent, Manimozhiyan Arumugam, David Shteynberg, Richard R Copley, Martin S Taylor, Harold Riethman, Uma Mudunuri, Jane Peterson, Mark Guyer, Adam Felsenfeld, Susan Old, Stephen Mockrin, Francis CollinsThe laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development, having made inestimable contributions to human health. We report here the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. The sequence represents a high-quality 'draft' covering over 90% of the genome. The BN rat sequence is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution. This first comprehensive analysis includes genes and proteins and their relation to human disease, repeated sequences, comparative genome-wide studies of mammalian orthologous chromosomal regions and rearrangement breakpoints, reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and the events leading to existing species, rates of variation, and lineage-specific and lineage-independent evolutionary events such as expansion of gene families, orthology relations and protein evolution.
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