Nurses' attitudes toward family presence during resuscitative efforts and invasive procedures.

INTRODUCTION: This study explored variables influencing hospital nurses' and ENA members' attitudes and beliefs about family presence during resuscitative or invasive procedures, using Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action.

METHODS: Two hundred eight hospital nurses and New Jersey ENA members completed the 13-item Family Presence Support Staff Assessment Survey, which is designed to identify the health care practitioner's attitude toward family presence during resuscitation and/or invasive procedures. In addition, 6 open-ended questions elicited respondents' perceptions of system barriers and personal beliefs about family presence.

RESULTS: Pearson correlations showed significant relationships between attitude toward family presence and (1) educational preparation (r =.216, P <.01), (2) type of certification (r =.216, P <.01), and (3) area of specialization (r = -.234, P <.01). Education, specialty certification, professional designation (registered nurse or licensed practical nurse), and specialty area were significant predictors of positive attitudes toward family presence (R(2) =.096, df = 5, P <.001).

DISCUSSION: Qualitative findings revealed that personal, organizational, and social factors influenced attitudes of nurses toward family presence.