We have located links that may give you full text access.
New technique for nipple areola reconstruction: arrow flap and rib cartilage graft for long-lasting nipple projection.
Annals of Plastic Surgery 2003 January
The nipple-areola complex is an integral part of breast reconstruction. It serves as an important landmark for the new breast and many techniques have been described for its reconstruction. Historically, nipple projection has been most difficult to achieve and maintain. The authors found that techniques that use isolated soft tissue flaps eventually fail secondary to scar contraction with loss of projection. Since 1994, the authors have used a local skin fat flap shaped as an arrow for the reconstruction of the nipple on 454 breasts. The arrow shape is advantageous because it allows the scar to be broken on closure, minimizing postoperative wound contracture. Within the flap, the authors routinely use a rib cartilage graft, which provides additional support and projection for the skin-soft-tissue envelope. The graft is harvested during the initial breast flap transfer for the purpose of exposing the internal mammary vessels and has been obtained without any additional morbidity. By combining a skin fat flap and rib cartilage graft, the authors have achieved excellent long-term projection and a more esthetically pleasing nipple reconstruction.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Challenges in Septic Shock: From New Hemodynamics to Blood Purification Therapies.Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024 Februrary 4
Molecular Targets of Novel Therapeutics for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A New Era of Nephroprotection.International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024 April 4
Perioperative echocardiographic strain analysis: what anesthesiologists should know.Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 2024 April 11
The 'Ten Commandments' for the 2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of endocarditis.European Heart Journal 2024 April 18
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app