[Pediatric neurology and genetics: introduction].

INTRODUCTION: Heredity plays a role in a large proportion of pediatric neurologic disorders, and the spectacular recent developments in molecular genetics have contributed to improved understanding of the basic causes of many diseases and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a brief introduction to certain genetic aspects of neuropediatrics.

DEVELOPMENT: We consider the following aspects: 1) The importance of hereditary factors in pediatric neurology; 2) The different types of inheritance relevant in this context; 3) Nosologic, diagnostic and therapeutic implications of recent advances in molecular genetics; 4) Bioethical implications of the application of this new understanding.

CONCLUSIONS: Independently of enhanced treatment prospects, progress in molecular genetics has improved the nosology and diagnosis of many pediatric neurological disorders.