Use of epidural corticosteroids in low back pain.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding the safety and efficacy of epidural corticosteroid injections in the treatment of low back pain (LBP) of various etiologies.

DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966-February 1999) of English-language literature pertaining to the use of epidural corticosteroids in LBP was performed. Additional literature was obtained from reference lists of pertinent articles identified through the search.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles were considered for the review. The clinical trials included are those that enrolled a larger patient population and were primarily controlled clinical trials. The authors selected pertinent information for further discussion.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Nerve root compression and inflammation are thought to be factors contributing to LBP. Corticosteroids act to decrease inflammation and may be of benefit in relieving LBP, especially if administered directly to the affected area via the epidural route. However, data on the efficacy of various corticosteroid agents administered via this route are limited. In addition, there have been reports of significant adverse reactions, thought to be due primarily to the preservative components in the corticosteroid preparations. Therefore, the role of these agents in the therapy of LBP remains to be determined.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the studies reviewed, epidural corticosteroids may be an effective treatment for LBP. Their use is warranted in patients who have failed conservative therapy. Although they contain preservatives, it appears that these agents are relatively safe and do not cause significant neurotoxicities.