Siv

RNAi plays a crucial role in insect gene function research and pest control field. Nonetheless, the variable efficiency of RNAi across diverse insects and off-target effects also limited its further application. In this study, we cloned six essential housekeeping genes from Solenopsis invicta and conducted RNAi experiments by orally administering dsRNA. Then, we found that mixing with liposomes significantly enhanced the RNAi efficiency by targeting for SiV-ATPaseE . Additionally, we observed a certain lethal effect of this dsRNA on queens by our established RNAi system...

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common emergency general surgical conditions worldwide. Uncomplicated/simple appendicitis can be treated with appendectomy or antibiotics. Some studies have suggested possible benefits with antibiotics with reduced complications, length of hospital stay, and the number of days off work. However, surgery may improve success of treatment as antibiotic treatment is associated with recurrence and future need for surgery. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated/simple acute appendicitis compared with appendectomy for resolution of symptoms and complications...

The persistence of the latent viral reservoir is the main hurdle to curing HIV-1 infection. SIV infection of non-human primates (NHPs), namely Indian-origin rhesus macaques, is the most relevant and widely used animal model to evaluate therapies that seek to eradicate HIV-1. The utility of a model ultimately rests on how accurately it can recapitulate human disease, and while reservoirs in the NHP model behave quantitatively very similar to those of long-term suppressed persons with HIV-1 (PWH) in the most salient aspects, recent studies have uncovered key nuances at the clonotypic level that differentiate the two in qualitative terms...

Currently, no effective vaccine to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is available, and various platforms are being examined. The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vehicle can induce robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, making it a suitable candidate for the development of an HIV vaccine. Here, we analyze the protective immunological impacts of recombinant VSV vaccine vectors that express chimeric HIV Envelope proteins (Env) in rhesus macaques. To improve the immunogenicity of these VSV-HIV Env vaccine candidates, we generated chimeric Envs containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which increases surface Env on the particle...

Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are significant viruses causing respiratory diseases in pigs. Sick pigs exhibit similar clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, and dyspnea, making it very difficult to accurately differentially diagnose these diseases on site. In this study, a quadruplex one-step reverse-transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for the detection of PRCoV, PRRSV, SIV, and PRV was established...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increased intracranial pressure due to cerebral edema is a medical emergency in which 23.4% sodium chloride (23.4% NaCl) may be a lifesaving intervention. Currently, safety data is limited on slow IV push (IVP) administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of IVP administration of 23.4% NaCl and determine the number of infusion-related adverse events (IRAEs) compared to slow IV infusion (SIV) administration. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients who received a dose of 23...

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PURPOSE: To mitigate the increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence globally and prevent CRC at the individual level, individual lifestyle information needs to be easily translated into CRC risk assessment. Several CRC risk prediction models exist and their clinical usefulness depends on their ease of use. Our objectives were to assess and externally validate the LiFeCRC score in our independent, unselected population and to investigate the use of simpler food frequency measurements in the score...

BACKGROUND: Fat quantification methods in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been studied to differentiate bone marrow pathologies in adult patients; however, scarce literature is available in pediatric patients. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the T1 signal intensity value (T1-SIV), out-of-phase/in-phase signal ratio (OP/IP SR), and fat fraction (FF) to differentiate between normal, benign, and malignant pathological processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 48 pediatric patients with lumbar and pelvic MRI were classified into three groups according to bone marrow pathology (group 1, normal; group 2, benign pathology/reconversion; group 3, malignant)...

BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza vaccines (SIV) authorized for use in Canada have all undergone rigorous regulatory assessments for safety and effectiveness. Serious adverse events following immunization (AEFI) can occur, though they are rare. Continuous safety surveillance of vaccines during the post-marketing phase is a critical component of vaccination programs. This enables the detection of rare, late onset, or unexpected adverse events. An updated safety summary following the introduction of any new vaccines and/or formulations to immunization programs is necessary for refining the risk-benefit profile of a specific vaccine and maintaining public confidence...

Respiratory diseases due to viral or bacterial agents, either alone or in combination, cause substantial economic burdens to the swine industry worldwide. Rapid and reliable detection of causal pathogens is crucial for effective epidemiological surveillance and disease management. This research aimed to employ the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay for simultaneous detection of seven distinct pathogens causing respiratory problems in swine, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Glässerella parasuis...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, from 2013 to 2022, how HbA1c, the incidence of acute complications, and use of diabetes technology changed at the national level in Norway and how glycemic control was associated with use of diabetes technology, carbohydrate counting, or participation in a quality improvement project. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This longitudinal observational study was based on 27,214 annual registrations of 6,775 children from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry from 2013 to 2022...

Somatic cell count (SCC) is a widely used indicator of milk quality in the dairy industry. It is a relatively good indicator of udder health in dairy cows, but strongly confounded by non-infection factors, including season, in dairy goats. This study's objectives were to estimate the variation in SCC explained by season and stage of lactation. We also investigated associations between SCC and other milk quality parameters routinely measured, including total bacterial count, fat, protein, and lactose content, in different seasons and stages of lactation...

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal viral disease that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in pigs. It keeps spreading around the world, posing a severe socioeconomic risk and endangering biodiversity and domestic food security. ASF first outbroke in China in 2018, and has spread to most provinces nationwide. Genotypes I and II ASF virus (ASFV) as the etiological pathogens have been found in China. In this study, three pairs of specific primers and probes targeting the ASFV B646L gene, F1055L gene, and E183L gene were designed to detect universal, genotype I, and genotype II strains, respectively...

OBJECTIVES: Some drugs that augment cell-intrinsic defenses or modulate cell death/survival pathways have been reported to selectively kill cells infected with HIV or SIV, but comparative studies are lacking. We hypothesized that these drugs may differ in their ability to kill cells infected with intact and defective proviruses. DESIGN: To investigate this hypothesis, drugs were tested ex vivo on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) from nine ART-suppressed individuals...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is widely acknowledged for its profound impact on the immune system. Although HIV primarily affects peripheral CD4 T cells, its influence on the central nervous system (CNS) cannot be overlooked. Within the brain, microglia and CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs) serve as the primary targets for HIV, as well as for the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in nonhuman primates. This infection can lead to neurological effects and the establishment of a viral reservoir. Given the gaps in our understanding of how these cells respond in vivo to acute CNS infection, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on myeloid cells from the brains of three rhesus macaques 12-days after SIV infection, along with three uninfected controls...

A method for generation of SVI sulfones from β-sulfinyl esters (SIV ) under transition-metal-free non-oxidative mild conditions is presented. Various sulfones have been achieved with moderate to excellent yields. The advantage of using β-sulfinyl esters as masked aryl sulfinates has also been exemplified using brominated substrates. Oxygen isotope-labeling experiments indicated that the oxygen atoms incorporated into the sulfone product come from the sulfoxide of the β-sulfinyl ester. Successive β-elimination/ O -addition/sulfinate esterification/β-elimination processes are proposed for the mechanism of generating SVI from SIV ...

The rebound competent viral reservoir (RCVR)-virus that persists during antiretroviral treatment (ART) and can reignite systemic infection when treatment is stopped-is the primary barrier to eradicating HIV. We used time to initiation of ART during primary infection of rhesus macaques (RMs) after intravenous challenge with barcoded SIVmac239 as a means to elucidate the dynamics of RCVR establishment in groups of RMs by creating a multi-log range of pre-ART viral loads and then assessed viral time-to-rebound and reactivation rates resulting from the discontinuation of ART after one year...

OBJECTIVE: Some brachial cuffs for oscillometric blood pressure (BP) measurement are claimed to cover a wide range of upper-arm circumferences; however, their validation is rarely conducted. Our aim was to compare oscillometric BP measurements obtained with a universal cuff with those obtained with an appropriately sized cuff. METHODS: We utilised the Microlife B6 Connect monitor, conducting oscillometric BP measurements in a random sequence with both a universal cuff (recommended for arm circumferences from 22 to 42 cm) and an appropriately sized cuff (medium for circumference 22-32 cm and large for 32-42 cm)...

BACKGROUND: Stress impacts healthy behaviours and may influence life and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A stressful event occurred when the COVID-19 pandemic hit in March 2020. The present study aims to explore possible gender differences in stress, psychosocial factors (self-efficacy, self-esteem, loneliness), pain, HL, and HRQOL in parents of adolescents one year into the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore possible associations between gender, demographic and psychosocial factors, pain, HL, and HRQOL...