canine osteoarthritis

INTRODUCTION: Pain scales for the assessment of chronic pain have been developed for dogs but they should be translated and linguistically validated to be used by owners with different native languages. The Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) is widely employed for this purpose but has not been translated into Spanish. Thus, the aim was to produce a validated translation of the Spanish CBPI. METHODS: The original English version of the CBPI was analyzed and translated by two native linguists of the target language and both revised by a third native linguist to identify potential discrepancies and create a unified translation (reconciliation)...

Mobility impairments associated with musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoarthritis and degenerative joint disease, affect approximately 200,000 dogs annually and pose a notable challenge to canine health and welfare. Osteoarthritis causes the remodelling of synovial joints, alongside inflammation and impaired mechanical function which can be extremely debilitating. Secondary osteoarthritis commonly affects dogs and can be exacerbated by previous joint abnormalities, such as patellar luxation or cranial cruciate ligament rupture...

The alteration in the shape of the femoral neck is an important radiographic sign for scoring canine hip dysplasia (CHD). Previous studies have reported that the femoral neck thickness (FNT) is greater in dogs with hip joint dysplasia, becoming progressively thicker with disease severity. The main objective of this work was to describe a femoral neck thickness index (FNTi) to quantify FNT and to study its association with the degree of CHD using the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) scheme...

Infrared thermography is suggested as a method of medical assistance for evaluating anatomical regions where there may be some inflammatory or painful condition that requires immediate medical attention. For this reason, this study aimed to characterize digital thermography of the lumbar region in police working dogs with hip osteoarthritis, 47 dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis were evaluated. A thermographic dorsoventral view of the dogs' backs were obtained, and mean and maximum temperatures were determined...

Articular cartilage has very low metabolic activity. While minor injuries may be spontaneously repaired within the joint by chondrocytes, there is very little chance of a severely impaired joint regenerating itself when damaged. Therefore, any significant joint injury has little chance of spontaneously healing without some type of therapy. This article is a review that will examine the causes of osteoarthritis, both acute and chronic, and how it may be treated using traditional methods as well as with the latest stem cell technology...

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to perform the initial psychometric evaluation of the Portuguese version of the Canine Orthopaedic Index (COI). STUDY DESIGN:  In a prospective, randomized study, a group of 50 police working dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis was assessed. A copy of the translated Portuguese version of the COI was completed by canine handlers, native Portuguese speakers. This result was compared with that of 50 sound dogs...

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a heparin-like polysaccharide that is applied as a therapeutic treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) in animals. This study investigated the efficacy of different molecular weights PPS (1,500-7,000 Da) on the phenotype regulatory and chondrogenic properties of canine articular chondrocytes. The cytotoxicity of PPS on chondrocytes was assessed using flow cytometry and 3-(4,5-dimehylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. After 72 hr of exposure, PPS did not induce chondrocyte apoptosis, regardless of molecular weight...

BACKGROUND: Elbow dysplasia (ED) is an important cause of lameness in dogs. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes in dogs with elbow osteoarthritis. METHODS: Demographic data, medical management, and scores from The American College of Veterinary Surgeons' Canine Orthopaedic Index (COI) were collected from owners of dogs radiographically screened for ED, graded as normal, mild, or moderate. Telephone interviews were performed in 2017 (Q1), followed by an email survey in 2020 (Q2)...

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BACKGROUND: Cranial cruciate ligament disease is one of the leading causes of pelvic limb claudication in canines and osteoarthritis in the stifle joint. Historically, studies have focused on surgical options to improve the stability of the stifle joint, although none of the techniques described in the literature prevents the development of osteoarthritis. AIM: This study aimed at proving the presence of osteoarthritis at the time of diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament rupture, as well as evaluating the benefits of administering diacerein (DAR) or chondroprotective coadjuvants to the extracapsular fabelo-tibial technique...

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to assess the kinetic and radiographic outcome of unilateral double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) using a temporospatial pressure walkway, preoperative and postoperative radiographs. STUDY DESIGN:  Retrospective case series of six dogs that underwent unilateral DPO for canine hip dysplasia. The untreated limb was unfit for DPO due to radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis and was therefore managed non-surgically. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs and kinetic data were compared between untreated and DPO-treated hips using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test...

Regenerative medicine is used in the canine to optimize tissue healing and treat osteoarthritis and soft tissue injuries. Rehabilitation therapy is also often implemented in the treatment and management of musculoskeletal conditions in the canine. Initial experimental studies have shown that regenerative medicine and rehabilitation therapy may work safely and synergistically to enhance tissue healing. Although additional study is required to define optional rehabilitation therapy protocols after regenerative medicine therapy in the canine, certain fundamental principles of rehabilitation therapy still apply to patients treated with regenerative medicine...

Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that often affects the canine stifle joint. Due to their biomechanical function, the menisci in the canine stifle play an important role in osteoarthritis. They compensate for the incongruence in the joint and distribute and minimize compressive loads, protecting the hyaline articular cartilage from damage. Meniscal degeneration favors the development and progression of stifle joint osteoarthritis. Qualitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current golden standard for detecting meniscal changes, but it has limitations in detecting early signs of meniscal degeneration...

Adult mammals are incapable of multitissue regeneration, and augmentation of this potential may shift current therapeutic paradigms. We found that a common co-receptor of interleukin 6 (IL-6) cytokines, glycoprotein 130 (gp130), serves as a major nexus integrating various context-specific signaling inputs to either promote regenerative outcomes or aggravate disease progression. Via genetic and pharmacological experiments in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrated that a signaling tyrosine 814 (Y814) within gp130 serves as a major cellular stress sensor...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequently occurring joint disorder in veterinary practice. Current treatments are focused on pain and inflammation; however, these are not able to reverse the pathological condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could provide an interesting alternative because of their immunomodulatory properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of a single intravenous injection of xenogeneic equine peripheral blood-derived MSCs (epbMSCs) as treatment for articular pain and lameness...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between meniscal lesions and severity of osteoarthritis (OA) among dogs that underwent Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) for stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) at the University of Tennessee in 2011-2017. RESULTS: There were a total of 252 meniscal tears. Factors associated with diagnosis of medial meniscal tears (MMT) in dogs were severe OA in comparison to no OA (3...

Canine stifle joint osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by damage and degeneration of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, bony hypertrophy at the margins, and synovial joint membrane changes. Non-invasive imaging modalities, such as digital radiography (DR), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be used to describe these changes. However, the value of MRI in diagnosing spontaneous canine OA and the comparison of different imaging modalities have seldom been addressed...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint disease that affects cartilage, subchondral bone, and joint tissues. Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are a promising therapeutic option for OA due to their ability to release anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, and pro-regenerative factors. They can be embedded in hydrogels to prevent their tissue engraftment and subsequent differentiation. In this study, human adipose stromal cells are successfully encapsulated in alginate microgels via a micromolding method...

BACKGROUND: Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a multifactorial disease affecting large breed dogs with associated joint laxity and incongruity that predisposes them to osteoarthritis. The purpose of the study is to objectively compare the conformation of normal and near-normal coxofemoral joints (CFJS ) in Labrador Retrievers versus German Shepherds on the extended ventrodorsal radiograph. Investigated groups were categorized as normal and near-normal CFJS according to the morphometric criteria established by the FCI scoring system...

INTRODUCTION: Glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate are commonly used in dogs with OA, but evidence around efficacy is mixed. This study evaluated the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, marine based fatty acid compounds (PCSO-524 and EAB-277), and carprofen for the alleviation of canine hip OA pain. This was a prospective, block-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS: Seventy-five owned pet dogs with hip OA were assigned randomly into five treatment groups: PCSO-524, Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, EAB-277, carprofen, and Placebo (sunflower oil)...