Adenovirus 36

In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the role of physical activity as part of differing exposomes (our combined non-genetic exposures from conception onwards) and environmental influences on metabolic health. We discuss 'beneficial' exposomes (green/natural outdoor spaces, sun exposure, healthy diets and features of built environments) that could synergise with physical activity to prevent metabolic dysfunction, particularly that related to lifestyle diseases of obesity, type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) seropositivity has been shown to be involved in the aetiology of obesity. The aim of this study was to examine Ad-36 positivity in obese and normal-weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: There were two groups including 92 and 110 subjects. This study was a prospective case-control study. The enzyme-immunoassay method was used to quantitatively determine antibodies (Abs) specific to human Ad-36 in the serum samples...

Background: Human adenovirus 36 (HAd36) infection has been associated with obesity. Experiments using 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultured cells and human adipose stem cells (hASCc) have shown that HAd36 stimulates the expression of genes implicated in cell differentiation and increased lipid accumulation. The presence of HAd36 in adipose tissue of overweight and obese women has also been confirmed. This study aims to analyze the presence of HAd36 DNA in the adipose tissue of women undergoing surgery for weight reduction and its relationship with obesity through changes in adipocyte morphology as well as the expression of C/EBPβ and HIF-1α...

OBJECTIVES: Soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP) and fibulin-3 serum levels may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Here, we evaluate these markers for correlation to tumor volume, prognosis and response assessment in a clinical trial of immunogene therapy in combination with chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial serum levels of SMRP and fibulin-3 were measured in adult patients with biopsy-proven MPM enrolled in two prospective clinical trials...

The dramatic increase of people affected by obesity worldwide seems to be influenced by external factors independent of eating habits, physical exercise, or genetic characteristics. There may be a number of such factors, but one hypothesis is that there is person-to-person transmission, causing an epidemic effect, as occurs with infectious diseases. In animal models, experimental infection with human adenovirus-36 (Adv36) causes obesity. Humans cannot be experimentally infected, but a number of studies found a correlation of positive serology for Adv36 with overweight/obesity in humans...

BACKGROUND: Knowledge on the etiology of LRTIs is essential for improvement of the clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment. Molecular detection methods were applied to identify a broad range of bacterial and viral pathogens in a large set of bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples. The patterns of detected pathogens were correlated to the clinical symptoms. METHODS: BAL fluid samples and clinical data were collected from 573 hospitalized children between 1 month and 14 years of age with LRTIs, enrolled from January to December 2018...

Conjunctivitis is a frequent ocular disorder caused by human adenoviruses (HAdVs). Only a few of the 45 HAdV-D species are associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, including HAdV-D8. Nosocomial outbreaks due to HAdV-D8 have been rarely described because keratoconjunctivitis cases are clinically diagnosed and treated without having to characterize the causative agent. Moreover, molecular typing is tedious when using classical techniques. In this work, a hospital outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by HAdV-D8 was characterized using the recently developed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) method...

OBJECTIVES: Norovirus is associated with one-fifth of all gastroenteritis cases, but basic epidemiological data is lacking, especially in developing countries. As long-term surveillance on norovirus gastroenteritis is scarce in western China, this study aims to update the epidemiological knowledge of norovirus gastroenteritis and to characterize the genotypes of norovirus strains. METHODS: Stool samples were collected from hospitalized children under 5 years old with gastroenteritis in Chengdu, China...

OBJECTIVE: Adult glioblastoma (GBM) has proven refractory to decades of innovation. Oncolytic viral therapy represents a novel therapy that uses viral vectors as both a delivery and therapeutic mechanism to target GBM cells. Despite the growing body of basic science data supporting the feasibility of viral therapy to treat GBM, the reporting of clinical trial results is heterogeneous. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to present a contemporary summary of the progress all clinical trials have made to date...

The role of coagulation factors on the inflammatory effect of adenovirus (Ad) is an unresolved question that was considered herein. Adenovirus-36(Ad36) and adenovector-5-GFP(Ad5-GFP) were prepared; then, they were loaded with VII or FX factors. The size/charge parameters and transduction efficiency were evaluated using fluorescent microscopy and Zetasizer, respectively. The Ad36-coagulation factor complexes were added on the stellate cells, LX-2. Thereafter, the expression levels of inflammatory and fibrotic genes including PKR, IL-1β, TNF-α, TIMP-1, collagen, and TGF-β were measured by qPCR and ELISA assays...

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, risk factors for critical illness and death of severe adenovirus pneumonia in children, so as to provide clinical evidences for early diagnosis and reliable treatment. Methods: A total of 75 pediatric cases with severe adenovirus pneumonia admitted to Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January to October 2019 were studied. The clinical features, laboratory and imaging data, therapeutic approaches, efficacy of the treatments and prognosis were investigated retrospectively...

Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the etiologic agent of fox encephalitis, and a virus strain from fox encephalitis is isolated and related researches are conducted. In this experiment, the results showed that the F1301 strain was confirmed to be the CAdV-1. The whole genome of the CAdV-1 F1301 strain isolated from fox was 30535 bp and had higher homology to the other reported CAdV-1 strains. After 0 h, 12 h, and 36 h of CAdV-1 infection, the difference gene of the 592 LncRNA and 11215 mRNA were involved in cell responses to CAdV-1 infection through the PI3K-AKT, Wnt, Herpes simplex, Hepatitis C, and Epstein-Barr virus infection pathway in MDCK...

Rotavirus and Adenovirus are common causes of gastroenteritis in children younger than 3 years worldwide. Rapid Antigen Testing (RAT) is a quick and easy tool to detect virus antigen in stool samples and is more specific than sensitive (higher specificity and lesser sensitivity). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR are more sensitive and specific than RAT. Sensitive and specific tools are required for true diagnosis. We aim to determine sensitivity and specificity of RAT versus PCR testing of rotavirus and adenovirus...

We have used the Nanopore long-read sequencing platform to demonstrate how amazingly complex the human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) transcriptome is with a flexible splicing machinery producing a range of novel mRNAs both from the early and late transcription units. In total we report more than 900 alternatively spliced mRNAs produced from the Ad2 transcriptome whereof more than 850 are novel mRNAs. A surprising finding was that more than 50% of all E1A transcripts extended upstream of the previously defined transcriptional start site...

Background: ARHGAP24 might play a protective effect in the development of acute pneumonia, but the underlying mechanism remained a mystery. We aimed to investigate the effect of ARHGAP24 and explore the protective mechanism based on the acute pneumonia model of rats. Methods: Western blotting analysis was conducted to measure the expression of ARHGAP24 in the rat model of bacillus pyocyaneus-induced acute pneumonia after 12, 24, 36, and 48 h modeling. In the acute pneumonia model of rat, lung histopathological change, lung edema, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were respectively measured to comprehensively evaluate the beneficial effect of overexpression of ARHGAP24 mediated by adenovirus...

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT). Methods: We reviewed the clinical features and laboratory data of cytomegalovirus pneumonia patients after allogeneic peripheral blood HSCT from March 1, 2016 to June 30, 2019 at the hematology department of the Shanghai general hospital and analyze the prognostic factors. Results: Of the 411 allo-HSCT patients, 34(8.3%)developed CMV pneumonia after transplantation, including 18 men and 16 women, with a median age of 32(8-62)y...

AIMS: This study is to investigate the role of adenovirus type 36 (Ad36) in inducing differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into brown adipocytes. MAIN METHODS: The hADSCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes by a cocktail method and Ad36, respectively. They were collected on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th day, respectively. LncRNA ROR was silenced by siRNA. RT-qPCR and Western-blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the mitochondria...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the respiratory pathogens and clinical features in children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 225 children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma, aged <14 years, who attended the outpatient service or were hospitalized from August 2017 to August 2019. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 12 pathogens, i.e., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza virus A (IFVA), influenza virus B (IFVB), parainfluenza virus types 1-3 (PIV1-3), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (ADV), Bordetella pertussis (BP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)...

To achieve uniform soluble expression of multiple proteins in the same Escherichia coli strain, and simplify the process steps of antigen production in genetic engineering subunit multivalent vaccine, we co-expressed three avian virus proteins including the fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) Fiber-2 protein, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP2 protein and egg-drop syndrome virus (EDSV) Fiber protein in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells after optimization of gene codon, promoter, and tandem expression order. The purified proteins were analyzed by Western blotting and agar gel precipitation (AGP)...

Aim of the study: To better understanding the contribution of coagulation factors to the extent of adenovirus-mediated innate toxicity on the hepatocyte. Material and methods: Adenovirus-36 (AD) and adenovector type 5-GFP (Ad5-GFP) were propagated and titered; then, they were loaded with coagulation factors VII or X. The complex of adenovirus with coagulation factor VII and X were for size and charge parameters. After adding AD-VII and AD-X complexes, the expression levels of innate inflammatory genes including protein kinase R (PKR), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and IL-18 were measured by Real-time PCR on a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2...