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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Riccardo Candido, Antonio Nicolucci, Monica Larosa, Maria Chiara Rossi, Raffaele Napoli
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Add-on of basal insulin (BI) to intensify the ongoing therapy with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is recommended, but it is unclear if free or fixed combination of BI and GLP-1 RA produce similar outcomes. A retrospective comparative effectiveness analysis of the add-on of glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) to ongoing GLP-1 RA vs. switch to fixed ratio combination of degludec and liraglutide (iDegLira) was performed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Real-world data collected in electronic medical records by 32 Italian diabetes clinics...
March 23, 2024: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases: NMCD
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhihao Liang, Kegang Zhao, Junping Xie, Zheng Zhang
Neural network (NN) controllers have shown great potential in solving complex control or decision-making tasks. However, most of the NN controllers either rely on the availability of large datasets or require dense interactions with the environment, which hinders their application in real systems. In this paper, we introduce a model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) algorithm, aimed at realizing ultra-fast tuning of deep NN controller from a small sample set of real-world data. The algorithm uses Gaussian processes (GPs) to model the unknown dynamics of real system and updates controller parameters through stochastic gradient descent...
April 26, 2024: ISA Transactions
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cecilia Raccagni, Victoria Sidoroff, Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu, Nils Roth, Gudrun Schönherr, Björn Eskofier, Heiko Gassner, Felix Kluge, Francesco Teatini, Klaus Seppi, Georg Goebel, David H Benninger, Kamiar Aminian, Jochen Klucken, Gregor Wenning
INTRODUCTION: Gait and mobility impairment are pivotal signs of parkinsonism, and they are particularly severe in atypical parkinsonian disorders including multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). A pilot study demonstrated a significant improvement of gait in patients with MSA of parkinsonian type (MSA-P) after physiotherapy and matching home-based exercise, as reflected by sensor-based gait parameters. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a gait-focused physiotherapy (GPT) and matching home-based exercise lead to a greater improvement of gait performance compared with a standard physiotherapy/home-based exercise programme (standard physiotherapy, SPT)...
May 1, 2024: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter Senior, Jina Hahn, Godfrey Mau, Phongsack Manivong, Eileen Shaw
BACKGROUND: Pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) follows a stepwise approach. Typically, metformin monotherapy is first-line treatment, followed by other non-insulin anti-hyperglycemic agents (NIAHAs) or progression to insulin if hemoglobin A1c (A1C) targets are not achieved. We aimed to describe real-world patterns of basal insulin initiation in people with T2DM and A1C not at target despite treatment with ≥2 NIAHAs. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative health data from Alberta, Canada among adults with T2DM, indexed on the first test with 7...
April 29, 2024: Canadian Journal of Diabetes
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Apurva H Bharucha, Ritesh Kanyal, Michael Mullen, Kush Patel, David Smith, Joy Shome, Daniel J Blackman, Suleman Aktaa, Paul D Williams, Saib Khogali, Rafal Dworakowski, Mehdi Eskandari, Jonathan Byrne, Philip MacCarthy
BACKGROUND: The Navitor (THV) is the latest iteration of the Portico self-expanding valve system. Early prospective studies have shown promising outcomes, however there is a lack of complementary 'real-world' data. AIMS: To assess early safety and efficacy outcomes of the Navitor Transcatheter Heart Valve (THV) using registry data from six high-volume UK TAVR centers. METHODS: Demographic, procedural and in-hospital outcome data were retrieved from six UK centers...
April 29, 2024: American Journal of Cardiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhennong Chen, Hui Ren, Quanzheng Li, Xiang Li
Accurate reconstruction of a high-resolution 3D volume of the heart is critical for comprehensive cardiac assessments. However, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data is usually acquired as a stack of 2D short-axis (SAX) slices, which suffers from the inter-slice misalignment due to cardiac motion and data sparsity from large gaps between SAX slices. Therefore, we aim to propose an end-to-end deep learning (DL) model to address these two challenges simultaneously, employing specific model components for each challenge...
April 29, 2024: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics: the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tiehang Duan, Zhenyi Wang, Fang Li, Gianfranco Doretto, Donald A Adjeroh, Yiyi Yin, Cui Tao
Electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems play a significant role in facilitating how individuals with neurological impairments effectively interact with their environment. In real world applications of BCI system for clinical assistance and rehabilitation training, the EEG classifier often needs to learn on sequentially arriving subjects in an online manner. As patterns of EEG signals can be significantly different for different subjects, the EEG classifier can easily erase knowledge of learnt subjects after learning on later ones as it performs decoding in online streaming scenario, namely catastrophic forgetting...
April 25, 2024: Neural Networks: the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Judith M Herbst, Leonie Barner
In 2021, an Australian research centre partnered with a regional marina and shipyard where 90 businesses build, refit, and maintain boats in premium condition. Tenants and owners grapple with environmental waste management issues. Since there is a gap in applying action research but numerous calls to co-produce solutions and participate in translating ideas into practice, action research was used in this case study involving upstream and downstream innovation for circularity. Mixed methods data was collected through interviews, stakeholder workshops, and waste audits...
April 30, 2024: Journal of Environmental Management
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Md Galib An-Noor Amio, Humaira Nafisa Ahmed, Syed Mithun Ali, Sayem Ahmed, Abhijit Majumdar
Today, supply chain (SC) networks are facing more disruptions compared to the past. While disruptions are rare, they can have catastrophic long-term economic or societal repercussions, and the recovery processes can be lengthy. These can tremendously affect the SC and make it vulnerable, as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The identification of these concerns has prompted the demand for improved disruption management by developing resilient, agile, and adaptive SC. The aim of this study is to introduce an assessment framework for prioritizing and evaluating the determinants to supply chain resilience (SCR)...
2024: PloS One
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Felix Kluge, Yonatan E Brand, M Encarna Micó-Amigo, Stefano Bertuletti, Ilaria D'Ascanio, Eran Gazit, Tecla Bonci, Cameron Kirk, Arne Küderle, Luca Palmerini, Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu, Francesca Salis, Abolfazl Soltani, Martin Ullrich, Lisa Alcock, Kamiar Aminian, Clemens Becker, Philip Brown, Joren Buekers, Anne-Elie Carsin, Marco Caruso, Brian Caulfield, Andrea Cereatti, Lorenzo Chiari, Carlos Echevarria, Bjoern Eskofier, Jordi Evers, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Tilo Hache, Clint Hansen, Jeffrey M Hausdorff, Hugo Hiden, Emily Hume, Alison Keogh, Sarah Koch, Walter Maetzler, Dimitrios Megaritis, Martijn Niessen, Or Perlman, Lars Schwickert, Kirsty Scott, Basil Sharrack, David Singleton, Beatrix Vereijken, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Alison Yarnall, Lynn Rochester, Claudia Mazzà, Silvia Del Din, Arne Mueller
BACKGROUND: Wrist-worn inertial sensors are used in digital health for evaluating mobility in real-world environments. Preceding the estimation of spatiotemporal gait parameters within long-term recordings, gait detection is an important step to identify regions of interest where gait occurs, which requires robust algorithms due to the complexity of arm movements. While algorithms exist for other sensor positions, a comparative validation of algorithms applied to the wrist position on real-world data sets across different disease populations is missing...
May 1, 2024: JMIR Formative Research
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dagoberto Serpa-Díaz, Carlos A Llanos-Florez, Ronald Serrano Uribe, Dora I Molina de Salazar, German C Giraldo-Gonzalez, Miguel Urina-Triana, Andres F Suarez-Rodriguez, Maria A Alzate-Vinasco
INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent condition. The change in glucose control and body weight with the use of once-weekly semaglutide was evaluated in individuals with Type 2 diabetes in Colombia. METHODS: This was a real-world, multi-centre, single-arm study involving adults in Colombia with Type 2 diabetes treated with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide for approximately 26 weeks. The primary endpoint assessed the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to end of study...
April 30, 2024: Diabetes Therapy: Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and related Disorders
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Muntner, Lama Ghazi, Jenna Jones, Nafeesa Dhalwani, Bharat Poudel, Ying Wen, Ligong Chen, Zhixin Wang, Vera Bittner, Bethany Kalich, Michael E Farkouh, Mark Woodward, Lisandro D Colantonio, Robert S Rosenson
INTRODUCTION: The cardiovascular disease risk reduction benefits of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9i mAb) and ezetimibe are dependent on remaining on treatment and being persistent and adherent. We estimated the percentage of patients on therapy, persistent and adherent at 182 and 365 days among US adults with health insurance who initiated a PCSK9i mAb (n = 16,588) or ezetimibe (n = 83,086) between July 2015 and December 2019...
April 30, 2024: Advances in Therapy
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoshinori Kagawa, Chaochen Wang, Yongzhe Piao, Long Jin, Yoshinori Tanizawa, Zhihong Cai, Yu Sunakawa
BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant regimens (folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin/capecitabine and oxaliplatin [FOLFOX/CAPOX]) are used after curative resection of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, real-world evidence regarding treatment sequences and outcomes in patients with early recurrence CRC after adjuvant chemotherapy is limited. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the patient characteristics, treatment sequence, and overall duration of second-line (2L) therapy in patients with early recurrence CRC who received adjuvant chemotherapy (FOLFOX/CAPOX) followed by folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) + anti-angiogenesis drugs (AA) or FOLFIRI + anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies...
May 1, 2024: Targeted Oncology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sydney T Lam, Jonathan W Lam, Akshay J Reddy, Longines Lee, Zeyu Yu, Benjamin E Falkenstein, Victor W Fu, Evan Cheng, Rakesh Patel
This investigation explores the potential efficacy of machine learning algorithms (MLAs), particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast cancer tissue through the analysis of 1000 breast cancer images gathered from Kaggle.com, a domain of publicly accessible data. The dataset was meticulously partitioned into training, validation, and testing sets to facilitate model development and evaluation. Our results reveal promising outcomes, with the developed model achieving notable precision (92%), recall (92%), accuracy (92%), sensitivity (89%), specificity (96%), an F1 score of 0...
March 2024: Curēus
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roberto de la Plaza Llamas, Lorena Ortega Azor, Marina Hernández Yuste, Ludovica Gorini, Raquel Aránzazu Latorre-Fragua, Daniel Alejandro Díaz Candelas, Farah Al Shwely Abduljabar, Ignacio Antonio Gemio Del Rey
BACKGROUND: The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) is a metric that is increasingly used today in the field of health economics to evaluate the value of different medical treatments and procedures. Surgical waiting lists (SWLs) represent a pressing problem in public healthcare. The QALY measure has rarely been used in the context of surgery. It would be interesting to know how many QALYs are lost by patients on SWLs. AIM: To investigate the relationship between QALYs and SWLs in a systematic review of the scientific literature...
April 27, 2024: World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline Valibouze, Caroline Dubuquoy, Philippe Chavatte, Michaël Genin, Veronique Maquet, Salvatore Modica, Pierre Desreumaux, Christel Rousseaux
BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most frequent and debilitating conditions leading to gastroenterological referrals. However, recommended treatments remain limited, yielding only limited therapeutic gains. Chitin-glucan (CG) is a novel dietary prebiotic classically used in humans at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d and is considered a safe food ingredient by the European Food Safety Authority. To provide an alternative approach to managing patients with IBS, we performed preclinical molecular, cellular, and animal studies to evaluate the role of chitin-glucan in the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in IBS...
April 28, 2024: World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dilip Kumar Sharma, Ravi Prakash Varshney, Saurabh Agarwal, Amel Ali Alhussan, Hanaa A Abdallah
Time series forecasting across different domains has received massive attention as it eases intelligent decision-making activities. Recurrent neural networks and various deep learning algorithms have been applied to modeling and forecasting multivariate time series data. Due to intricate non-linear patterns and significant variations in the randomness of characteristics across various categories of real-world time series data, achieving effectiveness and robustness simultaneously poses a considerable challenge for specific deep-learning models...
April 15, 2024: Heliyon
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Benjamin Osborne, Gabriela Romanow, J Michael Hemphill, Myassar Zarif, Tracy DeAngelis, Tyler Kaplan, Unsong Oh, Johnathan Pinkhasov, Kristina Patterson, Michael Levy
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent, disabling attacks that affect the optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain/brainstem. While rituximab, targeting CD20-positive B-cells, is used as an off-label therapy for NMOSD, some patients continue to exhibit breakthrough attacks and/or adverse reactions. Inebilizumab, a humanized and glycoengineered monoclonal antibody targeting CD19-positive B-cells, has been FDA approved for the treatment of NMOSD in adult patients who are anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody positive...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
William Xu, Lucy Williams, Gabrielle Sebaratnam, Chris Varghese, Chris Cedarwall, Charlotte Daker, Celia Keane
BACKGROUND: Chronic nausea and vomiting syndromes (CNVS), gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia (FD) are complex disorders. Body Surface Gastric Mapping (BSGM), a new test of gastric function, using Gastric Alimetry® (Alimetry, New Zealand) may be useful for de-escalating healthcare utilisation. This study aimed to define healthcare costs and estimate health economic impacts of implementing this test in patients with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms. METHODS: Consecutive patients at a tertiary referral centre evaluated with Gastric Alimetry were included...
April 30, 2024: Digestive Diseases and Sciences
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Li, Lin Dang, Chengzhi Lv, Bingjiang Lin, Juan Tao, Nan Yu, Ya Deng, Huiping Wang, Xiaojing Kang, Hui Qin, Rong Chen, Jinnan Li, Yunsheng Liang, Yanhua Liang, Yuling Shi
INTRODUCTION: Ixekizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-17A, is efficacious and well tolerated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. However, there are limited data on the real-world safety of ixekizumab in Chinese patient populations. We performed an observational study of ixekizumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in routine clinical practice in China. Here we present a further safety analysis of this study. METHODS: In this prospective, observational, single-arm, multicenter, post-marketing safety study, adults (≥18 years) with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis receiving ixekizumab were enroled at dermatology departments in hospitals across China and prospectively followed for 12 weeks or until their last dose of ixekizumab...
April 30, 2024: Drug Safety: An International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience
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