diabetes and pregnancy insulin

PURPOSE: This study seeks to assess the potential of early pregnancy Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C), and Total Cholesterol to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C) in predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1073 adults singleton pregnant women were enrolled from June 2017 to September 2019...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most frequent predictors of obstetric outcome among Romanian pregnant women. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of rs7903146 (C/T) TCF7L2 gene polymorphism in the presence of GDM and to evaluate the influence on maternal-fetal outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women from Northern Transylvania. Our prospective case-control study was performed in a tertiary maternity center on 61 patients diagnosed with GDM and 55 normal pregnant patients. The patients were genotyped for rs7903146 (C/T) polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene using the PCR-RFLP method between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic disorder that has short- and long-term effects on maternal and offspring health. This study aimed to assess the impact of maternal hyperglycemia severity, classified as GDM-G1 (diet treatment) and GDM-G2 (insulin treatment) on colostral appetite-regulating molecules. Colostrum samples were collected from hyperglycemic (N = 30) and normoglycemic (N = 21) mothers, and the concentrations of milk hormones were determined by immunoenzymatic assay. A difference was found for milk ghrelin, but not for molecules such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, or IGF-I levels, in relation to maternal hyperglycemia...

Fetal programming is a process initiated by intrauterine conditions, leaving a lasting impact on the offspring's health, whether they manifest immediately or later in life. It is believed that children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) may be at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity later in their adult lives. Substance P is a neurotransmitter associated with obesity development and impairment of insulin signaling...

INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes (GD) is a risk factor for neonatal hypoglycaemia (NH), but other factors can increase this risk. OBJECTIVES: To create a score to predict NH in women with GD. METHODS: Retrospective study of women with GD with a live singleton birth between 2012 and 2017 from the Portuguese GD registry. Pregnancies with and without NH were compared. A logistic regression was used to study NH predictors. Variables independently associated with NH were used to score derivation...

Background : Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face an elevated risk of complications for both themselves and their newborns. Experts recommend strict glycemic control. The advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system, though not officially approved for pregnant T1DM patients, is promising for optimal glycemic control. Methods : We collected CGM metrics, HbA1c levels, insulin pump settings, and doses from a 33-year-old pregnant woman with 23-year history of T1DM from the 6th week of gestation to birth...

Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed in the late second or third trimester of pregnancy. It is one of the most common metabolic disorders among expectant mothers, with potential serious short- and long-term complications for both maternal and offspring health. C-peptide is secreted from pancreatic beta-cells into circulation in equimolar amounts with insulin. It is a useful biomarker to estimate the beta-cell function because it undergoes negligible hepatic clearance and consequently it has a longer half-life compared to insulin...

Maternal obesity is a well-known risk factor for developing premature obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in the progeny. The development of white adipose tissue is a dynamic process that starts during prenatal life: fat depots laid down in utero are associated with the proportion of fat in children later on. How early this programming takes place is still unknown. However, recent evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the embryonic adipocyte precursor cells, show signatures of the early setting of an adipogenic committed phenotype when exposed to maternal obesity...

Managing diabetes during pregnancy is challenging, given the significant risk it poses for both maternal and foetal health outcomes. While traditional methods involve capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose level monitoring and periodic HbA1c tests, the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems has revolutionized the approach. These devices offer a safe and reliable means of tracking glucose levels in real-time, benefiting both women with diabetes during pregnancy and the healthcare providers...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of a phone reminder to improve adherence to post-partum glucose tolerance testing in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to identify clinical predictors of adherence to post-partum follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective study including 543 women with GDM. We assessed the adherence rate to post-partum glucose tolerance testing in women who received a phone reminder (n = 297) compared to women not alerted (n = 246)...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on pregnant women, especially those with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), has yet to be fully understood. This review aims to examine the interaction between GDM and COVID-19 and to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of these two conditions. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search using the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science with appropriate keywords and MeSH terms...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Postprandial hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose after meals, is associated with the development and progression of various diabetes-related complications. Prandial insulins are designed to replicate the natural insulin release after meals and are highly effective in managing post-meal glucose spikes. Currently, different types of prandial insulins are available such as human regular insulin, rapid-acting analogs, ultra-rapid-acting analogs, and inhaled insulins...

Women who have experienced pregnancy complications, specifically preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, have well documented increased risks of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological disease later in life. This study examined how specific cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors for preeclampsia assessed in a non-pregnant state were associated with brain white matter microstructural integrity. This study examined sixty-two healthy women (mean age 31 ± 5 years) who received metabolic and cardiovascular assessments as well as multiple modality MRI imaging...

Insulin is an essential drug in the treatment of diabetes, often necessary for managing hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It should be considered in cases of severe hyperglycemia requiring hospitalization, after the failure of other treatments, in advanced chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, post-transplant diabetes, or during pregnancy. Moreover, in specific patient subgroups, early initiation of insulin is crucial for hyperglycemia control and prevention of chronic complications. Clinical guidelines recommend initiating insulin when other treatments fail, although there are barriers that may delay its initiation...

Maternal diabetes may influence glucose metabolism in adult offspring, an area with limited research on underlying mechanisms. Our study explored the impact of maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy on insulin resistance development. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats from control and diabetic mothers were mated, and their female offspring were monitored for 150 days. The rats were euthanized for blood and muscle samples. Maternal diabetes led to heightened insulin levels, increased HOMA-IR, elevated triglycerides, and a raised TyG index in adult offspring...

The objective of the study was to assess the expression of proteins responsible for placental lipid transport in term pregnancies complicated by well-controlled gestational (GDM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (PGDM). A total of 80 placental samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with PGDM ( n = 20), GDM treated with diet (GDMG1, n = 20), GDM treated with diet and insulin (GDMG2, n = 20), and a non-diabetic control group ( n = 20). Umbilical and uterine artery blood flows were assessed by means of ultrasound in the period prior to delivery and computer-assisted quantitative morphometry of immunostained placental sections was performed to determine the expression of selected proteins...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multisystem disorder that presents with a variety of phenotypes involving metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological symptoms and signs. Women with PCOS are at increased risk of pregnancy complications including implantation failure, miscarriage, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, and pre-eclampsia (PE). This may be attributed to the presence of specific susceptibility features associated with PCOS before and during pregnancy, such as chronic systemic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperandrogenism, all of which have been associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications...