Mandibular pathology

OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel presentation of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia caused by a canine salivary carcinoma. ANIMAL: A 6-year-old intact male Husky with hypercalcemia and a spontaneous salivary carcinoma, stage III. CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES: The dog presented with polyuria, polydipsia, and hypercalcemia. Physical examination revealed a 37 X 43-mm firm mass in the ventrolateral aspect of the right-hand side of the neck, caudal to the temporomandibular joint...

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome with vascular lesions of the cerebral meninges, port wine spots on the face, and glaucoma of the eyes; it is a congenital, non-genetic disease whose etiology and mechanisms are unknown. In this report, we describe a rare case of SWS with unilateral large odontogenic tumors in the maxilla and mandible. The histopathological diagnosis of the maxillary bone lesion on biopsy was juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma, which is considered a type of ossifying fibroma of craniofacial bone origin...

Accessory canals and apical deltas have been extensively studied in human dentistry. Their clinical role as a difficult to clean reservoir for bacteria during endodontic treatments has been well described. Many papers describe in detail the pulp anatomy of equine dentition but little attention has been given to their apical ramifications. The goal of this paper is to describe the presence and anatomy of these accessory canals and apical deltas in healthy equine cheek teeth and discuss their possible relevance in the light of equine endodontics...

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement may be indicated for various pathological conditions, and the type of condition can affect the surgical procedure and outcomes. The causes of limited range of motion after alloplastic TMJ replacement have not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative jaw anatomy and functional status on the immediate and long-term outcomes of total TMJ replacement using a two-component patient-specific TMJ endoprosthesis...

BACKGROUND: For the surgical treatment of oral cancer, it is sometimes necessary to expand intraoral access within the oral cavity. The "swing approach" that involves lip splitting of the mandible and temporary mandibular osteotomy and the "visor approach" that does not split the lower lip and mandible are mainly used. This study analyzed postoperative outcomes such as complications, recurrence rate, and survival rate by these two approaches. The goal of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients using these two approaches, to propose effective perioperative management for oral cancer surgery, and to compare the prognosis of oral cancer patients...

BACKGROUND Vital pulp therapy approaches are preferred over non-surgical root canal treatment, giving the advantage of preserving the vitality of the dental pulp and thus maintaining its benefits. Such approaches can be performed in teeth having normal apical area; however, performing vital pulp therapy approaches in teeth associated with periapical pathology remains controversial. CASE REPORT We present a case of a mature mandibular right first permanent molar tooth in a medically fit 10-year-old female diagnosed as asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis with asymptomatic apical periodontitis with periapical radiolucency having a periapical index (PAI) score of 4...

Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2-related fusions (TFCP2-RMS) is a rare entity that commonly affects young adults with a predilection for skeletal involvement. We herein report a 40-year-old female patient with TFCP2-RMS who was misdiagnosed as fibrous dysplasia or low-grade central osteosarcoma of the mandible by referring institutions. Histologically, the tumor showed dominant spindle cells and focal epithelioid cells with marked immature woven bone formation. Immunophenotypically, in addition to the characteristic expression of myogenic markers, ALK, and cytokeratins, tumor cells also unusually expressed osteogenic markers, such as MDM2 and SATB2...

Case report. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is a potentially devastating consequence of head and neck irradiation. The progression of ORN can lead to loss of bone, teeth, soft tissue necrosis, pathologic fracture, and oro-cutaneous fistula. Reconstructive surgery has mostly been reserved for late-stage disease where segmental resections are frequently necessary. Evidence is emerging to support earlier treatment in the form of debridement in combination with soft tissue free flaps for intermediate-stage ORN...

Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a rare developmental bone defect characterized by an asymptomatic focal concavity of the cortical bone, typically on the lingual aspect of the mandibular body, which generally contains salivary gland tissue. It can be detected during routine dental examinations and typically appears as an ovoid, well-defined, well-corticated, radiolucent depression in the posterior mandibular region below the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) (in: Neville et al, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Elsevier, Inc, St...

Benign mixed odontogenic tumors have been repeatedly classified and reclassified over the past few decades. Odontoma is considered a hamartoma due to its slow growth and non-aggressive nature. We present an interesting case of developing odontoma in an eight-year-old boy. His complaint was a slow-growing swelling in the lower right back tooth region. Clinical examination revealed a carious deciduous second molar. The orthopantomogram revealed a well-defined radiolucency around the unerupted mandibular first premolar and impacted mandibular second premolar...

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an oral mucosa lesion with a high rate of malignant transformation. The diagnosis is often difficult, especially when the initial lesion is a simple homogeneous white leukoplakia, and when located only on the gingiva or palate. Moreover, the anatomopathological analysis is non-specific in the initial stages. The gingival PVL localisation (gPVL) is described as the most aggressive form with the highest rate of malignant transformation. Cases with a unique gingival localisation are rare, described with a "ring around the collar" clinical form...

OBJECTIVE: This study endeavored to develop a novel, fully automated deep-learning model to determine the topographic relationship between mandibular third molar (MM3) roots and the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) using panoramic radiographs (PRs). STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1570 eligible subjects with MM3s who had paired PR and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected and randomly grouped into training (80%), validation (10%), and testing (10%) cohorts...

INTRODUCTION: Periapical lesions of teeth are typically evaluated using periapical X-rays (PA) or cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT); however, ultrasound imaging (US) can also be used to detect bone defects. A comparative analysis is necessary to establish the diagnostic accuracy of US for the detection of periapical lesions in comparison with PA and CBCT. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the measurement precision of US against PA and CBCT in detecting periapical lesions...

Keloid scars tend to occur in high-tension sites due to mechanical stimuli that are involved in their development. To date, a detailed analysis of keloid distribution focused specifically on facial and neck areas has not been reported, and limited literature exists as to the related mechanical factors. To rectify this deficiency of knowledge, we first quantified the facial and neck keloid distribution observed clinically in 113 patients. Subsequently, we performed a rigorous investigation into the mechanical factors and their associated changes at these anatomic sites in healthy volunteers without a history of pathologic scarring...

BACKGROUND: Cementoblastoma is a rare odontogenic tumor characterized by the formation of osteocementum-like tissue on a tooth root directly by neoplastic cementoblasts. Although it is categorized as benign, it has a high potential for growth with a certain degree of recurrence risk. However, there are only a few studies describing the features of recurrent cementoblastoma. The diagnosis of recurrent cementoblastoma is challenging not only due to its cytological atypia but also because of its large size and multicentric growth pattern...

INTRODUCTION: Pathological conditions such as internal root resorption (IRR) may complicate root canal filling. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the obturation quality by measuring the percentage of obturation volume (POV) in root canals with artificial IRR obturated with different materials and techniques using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Forty single canal extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated to standardize their length to 14mm...

Apical periodontitis (AP) is a condition characterized by inflammatory and infectious components in the tooth canal. AP affects periradicular tissues and has systemic repercussions. Physical exercise is a structured activity that requires cardiorespiratory function, and can modulate the inflammatory profile in pathological conditions. As a result, this study aimed to determine the effects of aerobic physical training (PT) on the alveolar bone with and without AP, and its systemic inflammatory repercussions...

The current case report aims to document a rare presentation of a distant odontogenic lesion of a 35-year-old male patient with mild clinical discomfort in the mandibular right first molar; exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic intricacies of an uncommon distant endodontic pathosis ultimately resolved through meticulous nonsurgical retreatment. Despite a normal oral examination, diagnostic radiography revealed a suboptimal root canal treatment and apical lesions surrounding mesial- and distal-root apices; including a distinct radiolucency beneath the apex of the second mandibular molar discovered through panoramic radiography, and confirmed via cone-beam computed tomography...

Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most common neurological pains affecting the head and neck and is associated with severe, lancinating, electrical pain episodes. The maxillary and mandibular branches are usually affected. The ophthalmic branch is rarely involved and, when present, it requires a comprehensive workup to rule out major conditions. Pharmacotherapy and surgery are the most common treatment options for this condition. Systemic medications may pose a wide range of side effects and effectiveness may decrease over time while surgery has inherent complications...

Incisor malocclusion in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a common clinical problem seen in general practice. Given that the growth rate is about 2 mm per week, a lack of wear quickly leads to feeding difficulties and soft tissue injuries. Therefore, pathologically elongated incisors must be shortened every three to six weeks. The goal of this study was to assess the potential adverse effects on dental and periodontal tissues associated with the three most commonly used trimming methods: nail cutter, diamond-coated cutting disc and diamond burr...