prism strabismus

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection in the treatment of acute comitant esotropia (ACE) with different doses. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included data from patients with ACE who received BTA injection treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2019 to June 2022. All patients underwent routine ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), as well as specialized examinations for strabismus, including the degree of esotropia, eye movement status, and binocular visual function...

PURPOSE: To investigate the results of patients undergoing surgical treatment for strabismic diplopia in thyroid eye disease (TED) following teprotumumab. DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective, case series. METHODS: We report 28 patients who underwent extraocular muscle surgery for strabismic diplopia after treatment with teprotumumab at 7 different academic centers. Elapsed time from last teprotumumab dose to the date of surgery, previous orbital decompression, primary preoperative horizontal and vertical deviation, surgical procedure, and 2-month postoperative results were collected from the patient records...

BACKGROUND: Determine outcomes of concurrent strabismus surgery with placement of a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) in children. METHODS: Retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent simultaneous lateral rectus (LR) muscle surgery with superotemporal GDD placement. Strabismus and GDD success were defined as residual horizontal misalignment < 10 prism diopter (PD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) < 21 mmHg, no visually devastating complications, and no additional IOP-lowering surgeries...

The efficacy of botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsy was evaluated. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Data about the duration of palsy (acute vs chronic), cause of the palsy, type of toxin used, mean dose, and other background characteristics were collected. Outcome variables were success rate (defined by alleviation of diplopia or reduction in eye deviation) and standardized mean difference of prism diopter and abduction deficit before and after injection...

Purpose : To compare the motor and sensory outcomes of strabismus surgery and the factors affecting surgical success in acquired acute non-accomodative esotropia (ANAET) and partially accommodative refractive esotropia (pARET). Methods : A retrospective chart review of patients with ANAET and pARET who underwent unilateral or bilateral horizontal rectus muscle surgery between January 2020 and December 2021 was conducted. Patients with postoperative follow-up of at least six weeks were included. Patients with pattern deviation, lateral incomitance, and near-distance disparity were excluded...

Purpose: Determining the correct power and orientation of prism to be prescribed for patients with symptomatic, oblique-angle strabismus can be challenging and confusing, prone more to clinician gestalt than science or methodology. The author shares a simplified, approach not previously described in the scientific literature that utilizes commercially available equipment and freely available on-line prism calculators for choosing the correct Press-On™ prism power, positioning the prism correctly on the spectacle lens, and ultimately determining the correct prism prescription to be incorporated into the patient's spectacles...

BACKGROUND: The aim is to investigate the change in aberrations following strabismus surgery in patients with horizontal strabismus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included patients who underwent surgery for horizontal strabismus. The patients were assessed preoperatively and 1 month and 3 months after the surgery, in terms of logMAR best-corrected visual acuity, eye deviation, spherical equivalent refractive error, tomographic and aberrometric corneal changes...

Purpose : Although dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is reported to occur rarely in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT), little is known regarding the clinical features of these children. The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with intermittent exotropia and DVD to those without DVD. Methods : The medical records of all children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia at our institution from 1 January 2002, through 31 December 2018, who had 2 or more exams with 3 or more assessments of control, were retrospectively reviewed...

AIM: To explore the risk factors for acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing 83 patients (case group) with AACE who underwent strabismus correction surgery from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. Totally 73 outpatient volunteers were recruited during the same period as the normal control group. The case group's binocular vision time, near and distance esotropia angle, and near stereo vision function were recorded, and the age, gender, refractive status, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of both groups were analyzed...

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the details of strabismus and orbital abnormalities determined by ocular motility tests and orbital imaging examinations in 9 cases with Angelman syndrome (AS). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, clinical report. METHODS: The 9 AS cases (mean age at initial visit: 4.6 ± 8.0 years) were confirmed by genetic diagnosis of the chromosome 15q11-13 region. In all cases, axial imaging of the orbit in the transverse plane of the horizontal extraocular muscles was obtained...

Cyclic esotropia is a rare form of strabismus that is characterized by a recurring esotropic deviation, usually with a 48-hour cycle. On esotropic days, the patient has a constant deviation with suppression, followed by a day with straight eyes and good binocular function. We report a case of cyclic esotropia in which the cycling resolved with 2 months of Fresnel prism for the amount of the distance deviation on her "straight" days. Five years later, with low plus hyperopic correction, she remains with a stable esophoria and normal stereopsis...

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowing the agreement and interobserver variability of the 2WIN-S photorefractometer with cycloplegic retinoscopy and prism cover test is important for judging the clinical usefulness of the device. BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine an agreement and interobserver reliability between 2WIN-S photorefractometer and cycloplegic retinoscopy for estimating refractive errors and between 2WIN-S and prism cover test for measuring horizontal ocular deviation in children...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare distance vision measurements obtained with video oculography (VOG) and an alternate prism cover test (APCT). DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective, and cross-sectional. METHODS: Eighty-seven subjects with strabismus were included. All patients underwent an optometric examination. The measurement of strabismus in distance vision was performed with the best optical correction using the APCT and the VOG GazeLab...

BACKGROUND: V pattern identification is essential for proper strabismus management. Graded recession is a tailored approach to treat inferior oblique overaction (IOOA). The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of graded recession of inferior oblique muscle for correction of different grades of V pattern. METHODS: Forty patients from 3 to 18 years old with V pattern strabismus and primary IOOA were evaluated by prism cover test to assess the grade of IOOA and amplitude of V-pattern...

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) at different gaze positions before and after superior rectus muscle-lateral rectus muscle (SR-LR) loop myopexy in highly myopic strabismus (HMS). STUDY DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical, prospective, interventional trial. METHODS: Fourteen patients with HMS (18 eyes) who underwent SR-LR loop myopexy were divided into 3 groups: < 100 prism diopters (PD) (mild esotropia [ET] group), > 100 PD (large ET group), and > 100 PD, and simultaneous recession of the medial rectus (MR) muscle was performed (large ET + MR group)...

INTRODUCTION: Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is an acquired strabismus with uncrossed sudden-onset diplopia due to esodeviation, comitant esotropia without accommodation factor, or paretic eye movement. The diagnosis of AACE entails differentiation from incomitant esotropia caused by abnormalities in the central nervous system. We present 2 pediatric patients with AACE as the first symptom of brainstem tumor. CASE PRESENTATION: The 2 patients were aware of their diplopia and had no other neurological abnormalities...

PURPOSE: To determine the sensitivity of various clinical tests in the diagnosis of convergence insufficiency. METHODS: A total of 254 patients were recruited with complaints consistent with convergence problems but no prior history of strabismus surgery, eye exercises, prism use, recent concussion, or other ocular or neurological diseases. Each patient completed the convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS), and the following data were collected: ocular alignment at distance and near, convergence and divergence fusional amplitudes at distance and near, near-point of convergence (NPC) using an accommodative target and red lens, and assessment of quality of convergence movement (QoCM) and quality of fusional movements (QoFM)...

PURPOSE: Congenital trochlear nerve palsy is the most common cause of vertical strabismus. The goal of this study was to investigate surgical outcomes after superior oblique tendon plication with or without inferior oblique recession in children and adults with unilateral congenital trochlear nerve palsy. METHODS: Data and outcomes were collected in patients with a diagnosis of unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy during a retrospective single-center study conducted at the University Hospital of Tours...

Cyclic strabismus is a rare entity and is unique in that patients follow variable but reliable time cycles where they alternate between orthotropia or "straight" eyes and strabismus, most commonly in the form of esotropia. Despite many theories on the underlying etiology and unique features of this diagnosis, none have been proven and its pathophysiology remains unknown. Four cases of cyclic esotropia diagnosed by pediatric ophthalmologists have been included in this report. The ages of the patients ranged from 10 months to eight years...

The COVID-19 pandemic came with many new challenges that forced personal and professional lifestyle modifications. Medical facilities were in scarcity against this new unknown enemy and were challenged with the overloaded patient flow, scarcity of healthcare staff, and evolving treatment modalities with a better understanding of the virus each day. Ophthalmology as a "branch of medicine" suffered challenges initially because of a lack of guidelines for patient management, close working distance during routine examinations, and halt of major surgeries, including cataracts...