Daniel J Schad, Michael A Rapp, Maria Garbusow, Stephan Nebe, Miriam Sebold, Elisabeth Obst, Christian Sommer, Lorenz Deserno, Milena Rabovsky, Eva Friedel, Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Ulrich S Zimmermann, Henrik Walter, Philipp Sterzer, Michael N Smolka, Florian Schlagenhauf, Andreas Heinz, Peter Dayan, Quentin J M Huys
Individuals differ in how they learn from experience. In Pavlovian conditioning models, where cues predict reinforcer delivery at a different goal location, some animals-called sign-trackers-come to approach the cue, whereas others, called goal-trackers, approach the goal. In sign-trackers, model-free phasic dopaminergic reward-prediction errors underlie learning, which renders stimuli 'wanted'. Goal-trackers do not rely on dopamine for learning and are thought to use model-based learning. We demonstrate this double dissociation in 129 male humans using eye-tracking, pupillometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging informed by computational models of sign- and goal-tracking...
February 2020: Nature Human Behaviour