Venezuela

Many tropical species show declining populations. The pantropical order Trogoniformes has 76% of its species ranked as declining, reflecting a worldwide problem. Here, we report on the reproductive ecology and life history traits of the declining and near-threatened old world Whitehead's Trogon ( Harpactes whiteheadi ), the declining new world Collared Trogon ( Trogon collaris ), and the stable Masked Trogon ( T. personatus ). We also reviewed the literature on reproductive ecology and life history traits of trogons to assess possible commonalities that might help explain population declines...

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to assess the association between exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and adolescent obesity, and to identify and visualize the world areas where the problems of adolescent obesity and air pollution by fine PM are more severe. METHODS: An ecological study, based on publicly available data from a WHO site. RESULTS: For each increase in air pollution there was an increase in the probability of being in the higher prevalence obesity group (OR = 1...

OBJECTIVE/AIM: The absence of a comprehensive understanding of potential anaphylactic reactions to local anesthetics (LAs) and management can result in grave consequences. For this reason we aim to assess Latin American dentists' knowledge, preparedness, and competency in managing anaphylactic reactions to LAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022. Board-certified dentists answered a survey comprising 26 structured questions...

Criollo cattle, the descendants of animals brought by Iberian colonists to the Americas, have been the subject of natural and human-mediated selection in novel tropical agroecological zones for centuries. Consequently, these breeds have evolved distinct characteristics such as resistance to diseases and exceptional heat tolerance. In addition to European taurine ( Bos taurus ) ancestry, it has been proposed that gene flow from African taurine and Asian indicine ( Bos indicus ) cattle has shaped the ancestry of Criollo cattle...

The present paper comprises a systematic survey of trematodes found in 13 species of freshwater fishes in Venezuela collected in 1992, 1996 and 2001. The following 15 trematode species were recorded: Adults: Genarchella venezuelaensis sp. n., Thometrema dissimilis sp. n., Megacoelium spinicavum Thatcher et Varella, 1981, Doradamphistoma bacuense Thatcher, 1999, Crassicutis cichlasomae Manter, 1936, Parspina carapo Ostrowski de Núñez, Arredonto et Gil de Pertierra, 2011, Phyllodistomoides hoplerythrini sp...

Saimiri cassiquiarensis cassiquiarensis (Cebidae) is a primate subspecies with a wide distribution in the Amazonian region of Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. However, the boundaries of its geographic range remain poorly defined. This study presents new occurrence localities for this subspecies and updates its distribution using a compiled data set of 140 occurrence records based on literature, specimens vouchered in scientific collections, and new field data to produce model-based range maps. After cleaning our data set, we updated the subspecies' extent of occurrence, which was used in model calibration...

In August 2022, powdery mildew symptoms were detected on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a commercial field located in Quecholac, Puebla, Mexico. Signs appeared as whitish powdery masses on leaves. Disease incidence was about 100% and signs covered up to 40% of leaf surface. Mycelium was amphigenous forming white patches. Hyphal appressoria were indistinct or nipple-shaped and solitary. Conidiophores (n= 30) were hyaline, erect, arising from the upper surface of hyphal mother cells or lateral, and of 90 to 201 μm long...

The present study was conducted to determine and analyse the content of furosine, acrylamide and furan in fermented cocoa beans from the Chuao ("criollo variety") and Barlovento ("trinitario variety") regions of Venezuela, after roasting (in the shell at 110-180 °C for 15-60 min) and alkalisation (with sodium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate, at concentrations of 10-25 g/kg in order to evaluate the impact of these operations. The highest furosine contents (up to 249 mg/100 g of protein) were found in fermented, sun-dried samples, and were higher in the nibs than in the shells...

Investigation of the secondary metabolites of Streptomyces virginiae CMB-CA091 isolated from the quartz-rich (tepui) soil of a cave in Venezuela yielded two new dimeric phenazine glycosides, tepuazines A and B ( 1 and 2 ); three new monomeric phenazine glycosides, tepuazines C-E ( 3 - 5 ); and a series of known analogues, baraphenazine G ( 6 ), phenazinolin D ( 7 ), izumiphenazine C ( 8 ), 4-methylaminobenzoyl-l-rhamnopyranoside ( 9 ), and 2-acetamidophenol ( 10 ). Structures were assigned to 1 - 10 on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and biosynthetic considerations, with 1 and 2 featuring a rare 2-oxabicyclo[3...

This study was designed to assess the concentrations of nine water-soluble ions in PM10 mass at two sites of an open-pit coal mine and to analyze the correlation and variation of the spatial distribution of sulfate ions with the PM10 sulfate aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (suaod550) in two (North and South) stations of the study area. The daily average of PM10 concentrations ranged from 20.48 to 53.10 μg/m3 and thus did not exceed the daily average maximum permissible level of PM10 (100 μg/m3 ) established in the Colombia standard at any station...

The citrus blackfly (CBF), Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, is an exotic pest native to Southeast Asia that has spread rapidly to the world's main centers of citrus production, having been recently introduced to Brazil. In this study, a maximum entropy niche model (MaxEnt) was used to predict the potential worldwide distribution of CBF under current and future climate change scenarios for 2030 and 2050. These future scenarios came from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), SSP1-2.6, and SSP5-8...

We diagnose, describe and illustrate three new species of Microsphecodes Eickwort and Stage, all from the nominate subgenus: M. peckorum Graham and Packer n. sp. from Venezuela, M. fernandoi Graham and Packer n. sp. from French Guiana, and M. septentrionalis Graham and Packer n. sp. from Guatemala. The latter extends the known range of the subgenus further north by approximately 500 km. We provide an updated, illustrated, key to the species of Microsphecodes s.str.

Three new species of the cochyline genus Cirrothaumatia Razowski & Becker, 1986 are described and illustrated from submontane Andean sites in Peru (Depts. Amazonas, Junn, and San Martn): C. pichita n. sp., C. huemboana n. sp., and C. moyobamba n. sp. Comments and illustrations are provided for the three previously described species from southern Mexico (Veracruz), Central America (Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama), and northern South America (Venezuela: Edo. Aragua; Ecuador: Pichincha Prov.).

Pilielmis is a small genus of Neotropical Elmidae found in the Amazon basin and French Guiana, with distribution in five countries: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela. Currently, seven species of Pilielmis are known, six of which were described in the original description of the genus by Hinton (1971), and the most recent one was described by Polizei & Barclay (2019). In this paper, we review the genus Pilielmis based on the analysis of type-specimens and material collected in different regions of northern South America...

UNLABELLED: Two growth modes have been described for the filamentous Streptomyces bacteria. Their classic developmental life cycle culminates in the formation of dormant spores, where movement to new environments is mediated through spore dispersal. In contrast, exploratory growth proceeds as a rapidly expanding vegetative mycelium that leads to extensive surface colonization and is associated with the release of volatile compounds that promote alkalinization (and reduced iron bioavailability) of its surrounding environment...

Latin America is a culturally, geographically, politically, and economically diverse region. Agriculture in Latin America is marked by a remarkable diversity of production systems, reflecting various agroecological zones, farm sizes, and technological levels. In the last decade, the swine industry increased by 30.6%, emerging as a great contributor to food security and economic development in Latin America. Brazil and Mexico dominate the pig production landscape, together accounting for 70% of sow inventory in the region...

INTRODUCTION: The frequency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Latin America has decreased considerably. However, new infections continue to be recorded, and the pediatric population remains one of the most vulnerable groups in this region. The main objective of the study was to describe the clinical, epidemiological and psychosocial characteristics of new diagnoses of HIV MTCT in 2018 in the PLANTAIDS network (Paediatric Network for Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment of HIV in Children) during the 3 years following diagnosis...

We develop a mathematical model to investigate the effect of contact tracing on containing epidemic outbreaks and slowing down the spread of transmissible diseases. We propose a discrete-time epidemic model structured by disease-age which includes general features of contact tracing. The model is fitted to data reported for the early spread of COVID-19 in South Korea, Brazil, and Venezuela. The calibrated values for the contact tracing parameters reflect the order pattern observed in its performance intensity within the three countries...

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease uncommonly encountered in the United States. This case report describes a 54-year-old man presenting with rapidly progressing, pruritic, painful ulcerative lesions after recently immigrating from Venezuela. A punch biopsy confirmed infection with Leishmaniasis braziliensis . He was successfully treated with amphotericin B and miltefosine.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with spinal gunshot wounds across Latin America. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study of patients treated for gunshot wounds to the spine spanning 12 institutions across Latin America between January 2015 and January 2022. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, including the time of injury, initial assessment, characteristics of the vertebral gunshot injury, and treatment...