Immune sedation

This article explores the growing role of minimally invasive locoregional therapies in the multidisciplinary treatment of primary and metastatic breast cancer. Factors contributing to the expanding role of ablation for primary breast cancer include earlier diagnosis when tumors are small and increased longevity of patients who are poor surgical candidates. Cryoablation has emerged as the leading ablative modality for primary breast cancer due to its wide availability, lack of need for sedation, and ability to monitor the ablation zone...

Chronic urticaria is a disease that can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and ability to function. There are effective treatment options, such as nonsedating antihistamines or biologics, but some patients do not respond to these therapies, or the therapies are not available or affordable to all patients. This review aims to summarize potential treatment strategies for patients (1) who do not respond to antihistamines and (2) cannot readily access or do not respond to biologics. The review emphasizes the importance of sound clinical practice, including correct diagnosis of chronic urticaria phenotypes, treatment of associated comorbidities, and consideration of add-on pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches...

OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, is an anesthetic and sedative agent and has been reported to confer neuroprotective effects after cerebral hypoxic ischemia (CHI). This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms by which microRNA (miR)-148a-3p is involved in the neuroprotective effect of DEX on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. METHODS: Neonatal rats were exposed to CHI conditions, a miR-148a-3p inhibitor, and DEX...

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a high mortality. However, the treatment options for advanced HCC are limited to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as sorafenib and lenvatinib. Since previous regimens have an insufficient efficacy, the combination therapy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Ate/Bev) has been investigated, which showed an improvement in progression-free and overall survival. However, the adverse events of this combination therapy in advanced HCC have not been established...

Lupinine is an elementary representative of a large quinolizidine alkaloid group. Referring to a pharmacological action, lupinin has the bactericidal and low sedative effects. It also possesses the short-term anthelmintic and hypotensive properties. The curent research aimed to investigate synthesis methods and study of the hemorological, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of lupinine quinolizine alkaloid. The chemical modifications of lupinine molecules were performed with introduction of 1,2,3-triazole substituents for the hydroxymethylene group at C-1 position of quinolizine skeleton...

BACKGROUND: Painless gastroenteroscopy is a widely developed diagnostic and treatment technology in clinical practice. It is of great significance in the clinical diagnosis, treatment, follow-up review and other aspects of gastric cancer patients. The application of anesthesia techniques during manipulation can be effective in reducing patient fear and discomfort. In clinical work, the adverse drug reactions of anesthesia regimens and the risk of serious adverse drug reactions are increased with the increase in propofol application dose application dose; the application of opioid drugs often causes gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea, vomiting and delayed gastrointestinal function recovery, after examination...

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Adequate humoral responses are obtained in pwMS receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) after vaccination, with the exception of those receiving B-cell-depleting therapies and non-selective S1P modulators. However, most of the reported studies on the immunity of COVID-19 vaccinations have included mRNA vaccines, and information on inactivated virus vaccine responses, long-term protectivity, and comparative studies with mRNA vaccines are very limited...

INTRO: Several strategies have been explored with the attempt of improving safety and feasibility of umbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT) in adults. AIM: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to examine the safety and efficacy of intrabone transplant of a single unwashed cord blood unit in an ATG-free, sirolimus-based graft-versus-host prophylaxis platform. METHODS: We collected data of all consecutive UCBT infused intrabone and unwashed at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan between 2012 and 2021...

Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used sedative in perioperative and intensive care settings with purported immunomodulatory properties. Since its effects on immune functions against infections have not been extensively studied, we tested the effects of dexmedetomidine on Gram-positive [Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis] and Gram-negative bacteria [Escherichia coli], and on effector functions of human monocytes THP-1 cells against them. We evaluated phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and CD11b activation, and performed RNA sequencing analyses...

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and chronic urticaria are common histamine-driven diseases, exerting detrimental effects on cognitive functions, sleep, daily activities, and quality of life. Non-sedating second-generation H1 -antihistamines are the first-line treatment of choice. Aim of the study was to define the role of bilastine among second-generation H1 -antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria in patients of different ages. METHODS: An international Delphi study was carried out to assess consensus among experts from 17 European and extra-European countries on three main topics: 1) Burden of disease; 2) Current treatment options; 3) Specific characteristics of bilastine among second-generation antihistamines...

We reported the anesthetic management of remimazolam, a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, for a 21-month-old female with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Remimazolam has a similar chemical structure to midazolam but possesses a unique side chain that reduces its propensity to accumulate in the body, thereby minimizing prolonged sedation or respiratory depression. Our experience supports that remimazolam could be a suitable agent for anesthetizing the patient with IMNM.

L-theanine (N-ethyl-γ-glutamine) is the main amino acid in tea leaves. It not only contributes to tea flavor but also possesses several health benefits. Compared with its sedative and calming activities, the immunomodulatory effects of L-theanine have received less attention. Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that L-theanine reduces immunosuppression caused by strenuous exercise and prevents colds and influenza by improving immunity. Numerous cell and animal studies have proven that theanine plays an immunoregulatory role in inflammation, nerve damage, the intestinal tract, and tumors by regulating γδT lymphocyte function, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and the secretion of cytokines and neurotransmitters...

Opioids are an important treatment in managing cancer pain. Uncontrolled pain can be detrimental to function and quality of life. Common adverse effects of opioids such as sedation, constipation and nausea are well recognised, but opioid effects on the endocrine and immune systems are less apparent. The evidence for the immunomodulatory effects of opioids suggest that some opioids might be immunosuppressive and that their use might be associated with reduced survival and increased rates of infection in patients with cancer...

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiologic studies on pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) have been conducted to evaluate the possible risk factors including genetic, infectious and environmental factors with the objective of idenfying the etiology. Mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) plays an important role in first-line immune defense. HLA DRB1 alleles play a role in presentation of peptides to T cells and in activation of the adaptive immune response. OBJECTIVE: In our study, we aimed to investigate both the MBL2 gene variant and HLA-DRB1 alleles in pediatric ALL patients...

Thalidomide (THD), a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid, was initially used as a sedative and antiemetic until the 1960s, when it was found to cause devastating teratogenic effects. However, subsequent studies have clearly demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of thalidomide, thus providing a rationale for its current use in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and cancers. Our group found that thalidomide can suppress the regulatory T cells (Tregs), a minor subset of CD4+ T cells (~10%) with unique immunosuppressive activity that have been shown to accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and represent a major mechanism of tumor immune evasion...

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a female affective disorder that is defined by mood symptoms. The condition is linked to unstable progesterone concentrations. Progestin supplementation is given in cases of threatened or recurrent miscarriage and for luteal phase support. Progesterone is essential for implantation, immune tolerance, and modulation of uterine contractility. For a long time, the administration of progestins was associated with an unfavorable impact on mood, leading to negative affect, and, therefore, was contraindicated in existing mood disorders...

Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), commonly called Tianma in Chinese, is a valuable and extensively used herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine with a wide range of clinical applications. It has been used to treat headaches, dizziness, stroke, epilepsy, amnesia, spasm, and other disorders since ancient times. Hundreds of compounds, including Phenols, glycosides, polysaccharides, steroids, organic acids, and others, have been isolated and identified from this plant. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that its active ingredients possess many pharmacological effects, such as neuroprotective, analgesic, sedation and hypnosis, anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-convulsant, anti-dizziness, blood pressure lowering, blood lipids lowering, liver protection, anti-tumor, and immunity enhancement effects...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of tetanus and determine the most appropriate focus for tetanus prevention and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality in China. METHODS: Four databases, including the Chinese Bio-Medical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wan-fang Data, were searched from 1 January, 2000 to 30 October, 2022. RESULTS: In total, 151 articles including 6084 tetanus patients met the inclusion criteria...

BACKGROUND: Bornyl acetate (BA), as a bicyclic monoterpene, is an active volatile component widely found in plants across the globe. BA can be used as essence and food flavor agent and is widely used in perfumes and food additives. It remains a key component in several proprietary Chinese medicines. PURPOSE: This review summarized the pharmacological activity and research prospects of BA, making it the first of its kind to do so. Our aim is to provide a valuable resource for those pursuing research on BA...

OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective α2 -adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, sympatholytic, and hemodynamic-stabilizing properties, which plays a neuroprotective role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetes-induced nerve damage. However, the related molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, our study explored the mechanism of Dex in DPN using rat and RSC96 cell models. METHODS: Sciatic nerve sections were observed under an optical microscope and the ultrastructure of the sciatic nerves was observed under a transmission electron microscope...