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BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and illicit drug use among Dutch adolescents admitted to hospital for acute alcohol intoxication treatment. Furthermore, socio-demographic predictors for smoking and illicit drug use in the sample population will be studied. The relationship between illicit drug use and specific characteristics of intoxication, such as blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and duration of reduced consciousness is also investigated...

Importance: Despite cancer being a leading cause of death worldwide, scant research has been carried out on the validity of the cancer transition theory, the idea that as nations develop, they move from a situation where infectious-related cancers are prominent to one where noninfectious-related cancers dominate. Objective: To examine whether cancer transitions exist in the US, select European countries, and Japan. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional study, annual cause-of-death data from the 1950s to 2018 for the US, England and Wales, France, Sweden, Norway, and Japan were extracted from the Human Mortality Database and the World Health Organization (WHO)...

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the number of actually Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected blood donors applying a statistical forecasting model. BACKGROUND: Following the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, a drop in blood donation has been observed. It is crucial to determine the actual number of potential SARS-CoV-2-positive donors to define the measures and ensure adequate blood supply. METHODS: The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity, calculated on the general population, was applied to the donor population by estimating the number of positive subjects...

BACKGROUND: Older people use increasingly complex medication regimens. Complex regimens are challenging to administer, particularly for those with cognitive impairment, frailty, poor eyesight or limited dexterity. Complex regimens have been linked to non-adherence, medication errors and hospital admissions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to describe strategies to reduce the complexity of medication regimens in community and residential aged care settings...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Importance: In the US, dementia risk is higher in non-Hispanic Black individuals than in non-Hispanic White individuals. To evaluate progress toward reducing such disparities, tracking secular trends in racial disparities in dementia prevalence is essential. Objective: To examine whether relative racial disparities in dementia prevalence or incidence have changed in the US from 2000 to 2016. Design, Settings, and Participants: The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a nationally representative study of adults 50 years or older...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of out research was to determine the effectiveness of the sealing property of adhesive systems V and VII generations by studying the depth of curing, water absorption and water solubility of their samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study was performed according to ISO / TS 11405: 2015 at the Central Factory Laboratory of JSC "CTOMA", Kharkiv, Ukraine, Certificate of Attestation No. 100-062 / 2015 dated 03/04/2015...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5322.].

Nutrition studies among Roma are scarce and to date no quantified dietary data are available. This report provides, for the first time, quantified dietary data and comprehensive anthropometric information for the Hungarian Roma (HR) population, with Hungarian general (HG) adults as reference. Data were obtained from a complex comparative health survey, involving 387 and 410 subjects of HR and HG populations, respectively. Using corporal measurements, body composition indicators were constructed, while daily nutrient intakes were evaluated in comparison with internationally accepted guidelines on nutrient requirements and recommended intakes...

BACKGROUND: Poor maternal childbirth experience plays a role in family planning and subsequent pregnancies. The aim of this study was to compare childbirth experiences in induced and spontaneous labor and to investigate the factors influencing the childbirth experience. METHODS: This two-year cohort study included all women with term singleton pregnancies in cephalic presentation aiming for vaginal delivery at Helsinki University Hospital between January 2017 and December 2018...

Burkholderia glumae, the primary causative agent of bacterial panicle blight in rice, has been reported as an opportunistic pathogen in patients with chronic infections. This study aimed to re-sequence the clinical isolate B. glumae strain AU6208 and comparatively analyze its genome using B. glumae strain BGR1 from rice plant as the reference. Re-sequencing results revealed that the genome of strain AU6208 comprised 96 contigs corresponding to a 6.1 Mbp genome of the strain AU6208, with 5322 coding sequences and 68...

Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) values measured by satellite sensors involve large amounts of uncertainty leading to non-negligible noise in remote Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration estimation. This work distinguished between two main stages in the case of estimating distributions of Chl-a within the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada). At the model building stage, the retrieval algorithm used both in-situ Chl-a measurements and the corresponding Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) L2-level data estimated Rrs at 412, 443, 469, 488, 531, 547, 555, 645, 667, 678 nm at a 1 km spatial resolution during 2004-2013...

BACKGROUND: Georgia has a high prevalence of hepatitis C, with 5·4% of adults chronically infected. On April 28, 2015, Georgia launched a national programme to eliminate hepatitis C by 2020 (90% reduction in prevalence) through scaled-up treatment and prevention interventions. We evaluated the interim effect of the programme and feasibility of achieving the elimination goal. METHODS: We developed a transmission model to capture the hepatitis C epidemic in Georgia, calibrated to data from biobehavioural surveys of people who inject drugs (PWID; 1998-2015) and a national survey (2015)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pneumothorax (PNX) detection is of the utmost clinical relevance because it may quickly progress to cause hemodynamic instability as a consequence of invasive ventilation. Radiography is characterized by a low sensitivity to detect this disease; in recent years, chest ultrasound (US) has gained increased visibility in the diagnosis of acute respiratory emergencies including PNX. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical impact of extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma (E-FAST) during the past 6 years of experience with this technique in our Level I trauma center...

BACKGROUND: There is debate regarding routine repeat head computed tomography (CT) in blunt trauma patients on a pre-injury antithrombotic when the initial CT is negative for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). DATA SOURCES: Retrospective chart review and systematic literature review with meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the chart review, 32.1% did not have a repeat head CT and 67.9% did. The delayed ICH incidence between those with and without a repeat head CT was similar (1...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Water-based passive body heating (PBHWB ) as a warm shower or bath before bedtime is often recommended as a simple means of improving sleep. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochran, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases and extracted pertinent information from publications meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to explore the effects of PBHWB on sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency (SE), slow wave sleep, and subjective sleep quality. The search yielded 5322 candidate articles of which 17 satisfied inclusion criteria after removing duplicates, with 13 providing comparable quantitative data for meta-analyses...

The Cryptococcus neoformans species complex is a model organism for fungal studies. Many studies have used two strains, JEC20 and JEC21, and their derivatives. These two strains were obtained through 10 rounds of backcrosses and have been assumed near identical except at the mating-type locus. Here we obtained and compared the JEC20 genome sequence with the published "JEC21" genome. Our comparison revealed 5322 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the majority (N = 3816, 71.7%) located in three genomic regions, including the previously noted mating-type region...

INTRODUCTION: Unintentional injuries (UIs) impose a significant burden on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, available UI epidemiological data are limited for LMICs, including China. This article aimed to provide an overview of the UI hospitalization profile, identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality and provide diagnosis-specific survival risk ratios (SRRs) for reference by LMICs using hospital discharge abstract data (DAD) from Beijing, China. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted for patients sustaining UIs requiring admission...

BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is considered as the mainstay treatment for patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to determine the predictors of 30-day readmission after catheter ablation for AF. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of patients who underwent AF catheter ablation (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision 427.31 and procedure code 37.34) in 2014, identified from the National Readmission Database. RESULTS: Our final cohort consisted of 5322 unweighted cases, of which 4736 (89%) constituted the no-readmission group and 586 patients (11%) the readmission group...