hemangiomas

OBJECTIVES: Surgery planning for liver tumour is carried out using contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images to determine the optimal resection strategy and to assess the volume of liver and tumour. Current surgery planning tools interpret even the functioning liver cells present within the tumour boundary as tumour. Plain CT images provide inadequate information for treatment planning. This work attempts to address two shortcomings of existing surgery planning tools: (i) to delineate functioning liver cells from the non-functioning tumourous tissues within the tumour boundary and (ii) to provide 3D visualization and actual tumour volume from the plain CT images...

Vascular anomalies in the head and neck area are usually rare diseases and pose a particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. They are divided into vascular tumours and vascular malformations. A distinction is made between benign tumours, such as infantile haemangioma, and rare malignant tumours, such as angiosarcoma. Vascular malformations are categorised as simple malformations, mixed malformations, large vessel anomalies and those associated with other anomalies. Treatment is interdisciplinary and various modalities are available...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare condition affecting less than 5/10,000 people, with high misdiagnosis due to its heterogeneity, inconsistent nomenclature, and diverse diagnostic criteria. Understanding its prevalence in this age group is crucial for effective treatment. Here we present a case report of a patient with AVM. IRB approval and patient consent were obtained. This study was done based on SCARE criteria. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with a right hip vascular mass suggestive of AVM...

INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown substantial benefit in the treatment of choroidal hemangioma (CH) in recent years. This report describes the use of PDT with overlapping spots in a patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and large circumscribed CH. CASE PRESENTATION: A 9-year-old girl with SWS and a history of glaucoma in her left eye was referred to a retina clinic for possible macular changes. Examination revealed decreased vision in the left eye, pigmentary changes in the macula, and choroidal thickening in the posterior pole...

Hemangiomas are benign soft tissue tumors which are congenital and occur due to abnormal proliferations of blood vessels. Most common location of hemangiomas is subcutaneous adipose tissue, but skeletal muscle hemangiomas are very rare which make up to 0.8% of all hemangiomas. Usually, the intramuscular lesions are common in thigh region and calf muscles and are relatively rare in the facial muscles. Long-standing lesions results in phleboliths, and this may cause some symptoms. Conventional treatment of these isolated lesions may not yield satisfactory results...

Objective: To explore strategies for preserving facial nerve function during surgeries for rare tumors of the internal auditory canal. Methods: A total of 235 cases of internal auditory canal tumors treated between 2010 and 2023 were included, encompassing vestibular schwannomas, cavernous hemangiomas, meningiomas, and other rare tumors. Various data, including clinical presentations, imaging classifications, and treatment processes, were meticulously analyzed to delineate the characteristics of rare tumors and assess pre-and postoperative facial nerve function...

Lobular capillary hemangioma is a benign lesion commonly affecting the head and neck region. However, in children, it is commonly seen in the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and the tongue, but its presence in the nasal cavity is less frequent. The most common symptoms of nasal hemangiomas are epistaxis and nasal obstruction. However, we present a case of a thirteen-year-old male having intranasal lobular capillary hemangioma with a 2-day history of left-sided epistaxis. The diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination, and the treatment is done by endonasal endoscopic excision of the hemangioma with cauterization of the feeding vessel has performed to remove the lesion completely...

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting young females. SLE can invade any organ, and various forms of splenic invasion have been reported. Manifestations include splenomegaly and splenic infarction, rupture, and calcification. The study encountered a rare case of splenic involvement, with nodules of various sizes without calcifications or ruptures. CASE SUMMARY: A 15-year-old girl presented with arthralgia, weight loss, fever, increased levels of inflammatory markers, and positive antinuclear antibody test results...

BACKGROUND Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH) of the fetal skull is an extremely rare vascular disease which undergoes proliferation only in utero and progresses with maximal size at birth. RICH can be detected by prenatal imaging but is easily misdiagnosed. CASE REPORT A 28-year-old nulliparous woman was referred at 38 weeks of gestation for routine screening with obstetric ultrasonography. The ultrasonography revealed a female fetus with a previously undetected head tumor (32×22 mm). Certain unusual sonographic features were observed: the lesion was fusiform, with a wide base adjacent to the frontal bone...

Background: Treatment of oropharyngolaryngeal venous malformations (VMs) remains challenging. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of fluoroscopy- and endoscopy-guided transoral sclerotherapy for oropharyngolaryngeal VMs in a hybrid operation room (OR). Methods: Patients with oropharyngolaryngeal VMs who underwent transoral sclerotherapy in a hybrid OR were enrolled. Results: Fourteen patients (six females, eight males; median age of 26 years; range, 4-71 years) were analyzed. The symptoms observed were breathing difficulties (n = 3), snoring (n = 2), sleep apnea (n = 1), and swallowing difficulties (n = 1)...

With only 15 reported cases, anastomosing haemangioma of adrenal is a rare entity and usually presents as adrenal incidentaloma. A hypertensive, diabetic, non-smoker man in his late 60s presented with irritative voiding symptoms. On evaluation, he was found to have a urinary bladder mass and left adrenal incidentaloma measuring 8 cm. Metabolic evaluation confirmed it to be non-functional.The patient underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour with left laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Intraoperatively, the adrenal tumour was highly vascular with multiple feeder vessels...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral examination via CTA is always the first choice for patients with unexpected brain injury or different types of brain lesions to detect ruptured hemangiomas, vascular infarcts, or other brain tissue lesions. OBJECTIVE: This study innovated the acrylic gauge with five eccentric circles for computed tomography angiography (CTA) analysis to optimize the spatial resolution via Taguchi's methodology. METHODS: The customized gauge was revised from the V-shaped slit gauge and transferred into five eccentric circles' slit gauge...

BACKGROUND: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) often present with haemorrhage, but the optimal timing for microsurgical intervention remains unclear. This study aims to explore how intervention timing relates to neurological outcomes in haemorrhagic BSCM patients undergoing microsurgery, offering insights for clinical decisions. METHODS: A total of 293 consecutive patients diagnosed with BSCMs, who underwent microsurgery were identified between March 2011 and January 2023 at two comprehensive centres in China, with a postoperative follow-up duration exceeding 6 months...

Capillary hemangiomas are benign tumors comprising a lobulated proliferation of capillary vessels frequently located in the soft tissues of the neck and head. Spinal intradural capillary hemangiomas are rare, particularly intramedullary lesions. To our knowledge, only 31 cases of spinal intramedullary capillary hemangiomas have been reported. Here, we describe a rare case of a thoracic capillary hemangioma comprising extramedullary and intramedullary components. A 51-year-old male patient presented with bilateral lower extremity numbness and subsequent paraparesis, sensory disturbance, and bladder-bowel dysfunction with a subacute clinical course...

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common birthmark in newborns. They are clinically diagnosed and usually self-limited. However, there are several exceptions with aggressive types of hemangiomas that can be associated with extracutaneous anomalies, such as PHACE syndrome (posterior fossa anomalies, upper body hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, and eye anomalies) and LUMBAR syndrome (lower body hemangiomas, ulcerations/urogenital anomalies, myelopathies, bony deformities, anorectal malformations/arterial anomalies, and renal anomalies)...

BACKGROUND: Heterogeneity in the severity of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) disease, including brain bleedings and thrombosis that cause neurological disabilities in patients, suggests that environmental, genetic, or biological factors act as disease modifiers. Still, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. Here, we report that mild hypoxia accelerates CCM disease by promoting angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and vascular thrombosis in the brains of CCM mouse models...

This case report describes the treatment of a recurrent T2 vertebral hemangioma in a 46-year-old man who had prior decompression and fusion surgery. Despite initial stability, the patient developed worsening symptoms, leading to a comprehensive approach involving embolization, microscopic excision, and posterior fixation. Recurrence prompted the choice of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) over redo surgery. Administered with 30 Gy in five fractions, SBRT significantly reduced hemangioma size and resolved neurological symptoms...

BACKGROUND: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the simultaneous presence of both cutaneous and extracutaneous capillary malformations. SWS usually presents as a facial port-wine birthmark, with a varying presence of leptomeningeal capillary malformations and ocular vascular abnormalities. The latter may lead to significant neurological and ocular morbidity such as epilepsy and glaucoma. SWS is most often caused by a somatic mutation involving the G protein subunit alpha Q or G protein subunit alpha 11 gene causing various alterations in downstream signaling pathways...

Vascular anomalies comprise a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations related to disturbances in the blood or lymph vessels. They correspond to mainly tumors (especially hemangiomas), characterized by high mitotic activity and proliferation of the vascular endothelium, and malformations, endowed with normal mitotic activity and no hypercellularity or changes in the rate of cell turnover. However, the classifications of these lesions go beyond this dichotomy and consist various systems adapted for and by different clinical subgroups...

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) has variable clinical symptoms, including potentially fatal hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment options are very limited, presenting a large unmet need. REC-994 (also known as tempol), identified as a potential treatment through an unbiased drug discovery platform, is hypothesized to treat CCMs through a reduction in superoxide, a reactive oxygen species. We investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of REC-994 in healthy volunteers. Single- and multiple-ascending dose (SAD and MAD, respectively) studies were conducted in adult volunteers (ages 18-55)...