dexmedetomidine,fentanyl

BACKGROUND: Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia may cause anxiety and hypotension. Administration of sedative drugs after delivery can diminish these side-effects, but may increase hemodynamic instability. We evaluated the effect of the administration of 0.7 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and compared it with that of 0.03 mg/kg midazolam for usefulness of sedation of the parturient after delivery during cesarean section. METHODS: After obtaining written consent and the ethics board approval, 60 parturients aged 20-43 years who underwent elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were recruited...

Hip dysplasia is an alteration with a high incidence in large dogs. The aim of the study was to compare the association of xylazine or dexmedetomidine with fentanyl for radiography with joint distractor for the diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Fifteen healthy dogs, German Shepherd and Belgian Shepherd, were randomly submitted to treatments 0.2 mg/kg xylazine + 2.5 µg/kg fentanyl (XF) or 2 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + 2.5 µg/kg fentanyl (DF), intravenously. HR, f , SAP, MAP, DAP and TR were evaluated at intervals of 5 min before and after the administration of treatments; pH, PaCO2 , PaO2 , BE, HCO3- , SaO2 , Na+ , K + and Hb at 5 and 15 min after treatment administration; and the quality of sedation at intervals of 5 min after administration of treatments...

BACKGROUND: According to the favorable effects of combination therapy to provide better sedation during double-j stent removal and lack of studies investigating the sedative effect of propofol, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam during this procedure. This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous sedation with propofol, dexmedetomidine and midazolam in double-J ureteral stent removal. METHODS: This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients aged 18-72 who underwent double-J ureteral stent removal in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran from September to November 2021...

UNLABELLED: Opioids are the mainstay of pain management and sedation in critically ill patients, which can lead to the development of physiologic tolerance and dependency. The prevalence of iatrogenic opioid withdrawal syndrome (IWS) is reported as 17-32% in the ICU; however, limited evidence exists for the medical ICU patient population. OBJECTIVES: To identify the and risk factors for IWS in adult patients admitted to critical care medicine services who received greater than or equal to 24 hours of continuous opioid infusion therapy...

OBJECTIVE: Propofol is required in higher doses for smooth insertion of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. The ideal adjuvant drug so as to minimise induction doses of propofol is still not known. Dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective for premedication in children. We have designed this study to compare dexmedetomidine and midazolam as adjuvants with propofol for insertion characteristics of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. METHODS: A total of 130 paediatric patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 65 each...

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) can generate considerable physical and psychological discomfort under conscious sedation. App-based mindfulness meditation combined with an electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) shows promise as effective and accessible adjuncts in medical practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a BCI-based mindfulness meditation app in improving the experience of patients with AF during RFCA...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion decreases the concurrent anaesthetic and analgesic requirement. However, because of slow onset and offset, it is often used with other drugs. Opioids have a depressant effect on the cardiorespiratory system while ketamine has the opposite pharmacodynamics. Hence, it was hypothesised that ketamine will have a better intraoperative haemodynamic profile compared to fentanyl. This study compared the clinical effects and recovery characteristics of ketamine versus fentanyl when used as an adjuvant along with dexmedetomidine infusion intraoperatively...

The objective of the study is to improve the results of patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery who are at high risk for anesthesia and/or surgical complications. Two independent groups were compared: the study group (SG, n = 40) (standardized neuroanesthetic protocol with multimodal analgesia) and the control group (CG, n = 40) (intravenous anesthesia based on propofol and fentanyl). The data were collected using prospective observation of early and long-term results of lumbar fusion...

The authors sought to quantify the clinical impacts of granisetron, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and lidocaine combined with fentanyl, for procedural sedation and analgesia in cystoscopy and for bladder catheter tolerance. This double-blind trial recruited four stratified blocked randomized eligible groups of patients (n = 120) formerly identified as needing cystoscopy, each receiving one of the above four anesthetic agents. Dexmedetomidine-sedated subjects experienced less pain from 5 to 120 minutes after the beginning of procedure, and next the ketamine manifested a better pain relief experienced...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of intravenous (IV) fentanyl on cough reflex and quality of endotracheal intubation (ETI) in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, blinded, negative controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: A total of 30 client-owned cats undergoing general anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. METHODS: Cats were sedated with dexmedetomidine (2 μg kg-1 IV), and 5 minutes later either fentanyl (3 μg kg-1 , group F) or saline (group C) was administered IV...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Intranasal midazolam-fentanyl is commonly used as pre-medication in paediatric patients, but there is a risk of respiratory depression with this combination. Dexmedetomidine is a drug that preserves respiratory function. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of intranasal midazolam-fentanyl and dexmedetomidine-fentanyl in paediatric patients undergoing elective surgeries. METHODS: Hundred children in the age group of 3-8 yr of American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status grade 1 were randomized into two groups- group A received intranasal midazolam (0...

BACKGROUND: In order to assess the effectiveness of various analgesio-sedative combinations for pain relief and sedation in pediatric dental patients, a thorough evaluation of clinical studies and patient outcomes is necessary. METHODS: A total of 128 healthy, uncooperative pediatric dental patients were randomly allocated to receive one of the four combinations of drugs via the intranasal (IN) route: Group I received midazolam-ketamine (MK), Group II received dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK), Group III received midazolam-fentanyl (MF), and Group IV received dexmedetomidine-fentanyl (DF) in a parallel-arm study design...

Objectives The study was designed to elucidate the effects of dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjunct to propofol in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) on anesthetic dose reduction, the quality of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) recordings, analgesic requirements, and recovery parameters in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures with neurophysiological monitoring. Methods A total of 54 patients for elective neurosurgical procedures with IONM were randomized to group D (dexmedetomidine) and group F (fentanyl)...

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery depends on the development of novel anesthetic techniques to reduce the incidence of complications and improve postoperative outcomes. Ketamine and dexmedetomidine have been used for perioperative analgesia and we hypothesized that they would decrease postoperative morphine requirements. The objective of this trial is to study whether choice of ketamine or dexmedetomidine infusion would affect postoperative total morphine consumption. METHODS: Ninety patients were equally randomized into three groups...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcomes of 2 multimodal analgesic regimens with an opioid-based one. DESIGN: A 2-stage, retrospective study. SETTING: A large tertiary-care facility. PARTICIPANTS: Adult cardiac surgical patients. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received one of three regimens: opioid-only or 2 multimodal regimens. The opioid regimen included intraoperative fentanyl and patient-controlled analgesia pumps...

The purpose of this study was to assess perioperative analgesia provided by the combination of epidural dexmedetomidine and morphine in bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four bitches were included in the study and allocated into 3 groups: GM, morphine 0.1 mg/kg; GD, dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg; and GDM, dexmedetomidine and morphine at the same doses. All solutions were diluted in saline to a total of 0.36 mL/kg. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (FR) and systolic blood pressure (SAP) were recorded prior to epidural analgesia (TB), immediately following epidural analgesia (TEA), at surgical incision (TSI), at the first ovarian pedicle clamping (TOP1), at the second pedicle clamping (TOP2), at uterine stump clamping (TUC), at the start of abdominal cavity closure (TSC) and at the end of skin closure (TEC)...

INTRODUCTION: The addition of adjuvants to short-acting local anesthetics (LA) is common practice in clinical routine to speed up block onset and decrease pain on injection. In a previous study, we observed the development of microscopic crystal precipitations after bupivacaine or ropivacaine were mixed with adjuvants; this follow-up study is intended to clarify whether crystallization (A) also occurs in short-acting or intermediate-acting LA-adjuvant mixtures, (B) changes over time, and (C) is associated with the solutions' pH...

OBJECTIVE: Regional techniques minimize anesthetic requirements and their effects may be beneficial. There is a lack of consensus and evidence concerning alternative analgesia strategies for cranial neurosurgery. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of scalp block with or without dexmedetomidine combined with general anesthesia on hemodynamic stability, opioid consumption and postoperative pain in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. METHODS: One hundred five patients undergoing elective craniotomy for tumor dissection were randomly divided into three groups to receive scalp block as an adjuvant to general anesthesia: with either 40 ml ropivacaine 0...

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two anesthetic protocols for salpingectomy or deferentectomy in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five capuchin monkeys (5 per group) received ketamine (20 mg/kg) combined with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg; group KM) or dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg; group KD) intramuscularly. Anesthesia is induced with propofol intravenously and maintained with isoflurane...

PURPOSE: This network meta-analysis aims to determine the differences between adjuvants that are used in combination with local anesthetics for ophthalmic regional anesthesia. DESIGN: Systematic review and network meta-analysis METHODS: A systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials, comparing the impact of adjuvants in ophthalmic regional anesthesia, in Embase, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Web of Science was performed. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool...