Molecular vitamin nutrient

Normal differentiation and proliferation of cells are essential for maintaining homeostasis. Following the successful completion of whole genome sequencing, protein modification has been attracted increasing attention in order to understand the roles of protein diversification in protein function and to elucidate molecular targets in mechanisms of signal transduction. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for health maintenance. It is present as β-carotene in green and yellow vegetables and retinyl ester in animal products and absorbed into the body from the intestines...

The intestinal microbiota is a community of microorganisms inhabiting the human intestines, potentially influencing both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body. Existing evidence suggests that nutrients can influence the modulation of the gut microbiota. However, there is still limited evidence regarding the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on the human gut microbiota through epigenetic modification. It is plausible that maintaining an adequate dietary intake of vitamin D, iron, fibre, zinc and magnesium may have a beneficial effect on alleviating inflammation in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the condition of the intestinal microbiota through various epigenetic mechanisms...

Cancer is characterized by the abnormal and uncontrollable division and growth of cells that can infiltrate tissues and alter normal physiological function, which will become crucial and life-threatening if left untreated. Cancer can be a result of genetics, such as mutations or environmental causes, including smoking, lack of physical activity, as well as nutritional imbalance in the body. Vitamin D is one of the foremost nutrients that play a crucial role in a variety of biochemical pathways, and it is an important key factor in several diseases...

Large datasets have been used in molecular and genetic research for decades, but only a few studies have included nutrition and lifestyle factors. Our team conducted an n-of-1 intervention with 12 vitamins and five minerals in 9- to 13-year-old Brazilian children and teens with poor healthy-eating indices. A unique feature of the experimental design was the inclusion of a replication arm. Twenty-six types of data were acquired including clinical measures, whole-genome mapping, whole-exome sequencing, and proteomic and a variety of metabolomic measurements over two years...

Seaweed, a miscellaneous group of marine algae, has long been recognized for its rich nutritional composition and bioactive compounds, being considered nutraceutical ingredient. This revision delves into the promising role of seaweed-derived nutrients as a beneficial resource for drug discovery and innovative product development. Seaweeds are abundant sources of essential vitamins, minerals, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and unique secondary metabolites, which reveal a wide range of biological activities. These bioactive compounds possess potential therapeutic properties, making them intriguing candidates for drug leads in various medical applications and pharmaceutical drug development...

Rubus ellipticus Smith. (Family Rosaceae), often known as the yellow Himalayan raspberry (Yellow Hissar), is one of the most widely used edible fruits in Indian folk medicinal systems. The current review aims to identify the gap between research and existing applications of this fruit to help scientists explore the current trends and opportunities for future development. Fruits of R. ellipticus are the source of several classes of compounds. Fruits of R. ellipticus are also rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals...

To improve outcomes in fetuses with spina bifida (SB), better understanding is needed of the molecular drivers of SB and its comorbidities. Pregnant people carrying a fetus with isolated SB (cases; n=12) or a fetus with no congenital anomalies (controls; n=21) were recruited at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto. Clinical data and placental samples were collected. Placental transcriptome was sequenced (Clariom DTM microarray) and a nutrient-focused gene expression analysis pipeline was applied to determine whether fetal SB associates with placental dysfunction...

Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a micronutrient and acts as a cofactor for fundamental biochemical reactions: the synthesis of succinyl-CoA from methylmalonyl-CoA and biotin, and the synthesis of methionine from folic acid and homocysteine. VitB12 deficiency can determine a wide range of diseases, including nervous system impairments. Although clinical evidence shows a direct role of VitB12 in neuronal homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms are yet to be characterized in depth. Earlier investigations focused on exploring the biochemical shifts resulting from a deficiency in the function of VitB12 as a coenzyme, while more recent studies propose a broader mechanism, encompassing changes at the molecular/cellular levels...

Periodontitis is a common oral bacterial infection characterized by inflammatory responses. Its high prevalence lowers the quality of life for individuals and increases the global economic and disease burden. As microorganisms in dental plaque are responsible for this oral disease, antibacterial drug treatments are effective strategies for preventing and treating periodontitis. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide (NAM), a vitamin B3 derivative, on the growth and virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key member of the red complex...

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a perennial forage plant, is a rich source of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins. Salt stress, however, impedes its growth. The plant-specific transcription factor abscisic acid insensitive 3 (ABI3) has a critical contribution to the control of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and abiotic stress response. The gene ScABI3 from Syntrichia caninervis, a moss species tolerant to desiccation, could be considered a potential candidate gene to modify alfalfa's nutritional and growth aspects...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute a leading cause of global mortality. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key molecular underpinnings of CVD pathogenesis. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of nutrients in cardiovascular health beyond their impact on cardiac events. The manuscript examines the influence of macronutrients such as fats and carbohydrates, as well as micronutrients including vitamins and folate, on CVD. Additionally, the interplay between dietary supplements and CVD risk reduction is investigated...

Vitamin D is one of the most essential nutrients for brain development, and deficiencies during pregnancy and early childhood development might be associated with autism. Regular monitoring of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level could help in early diagnosis and therapy. Analytical measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level using the traditional matrix-matched calibration technique yields inaccurate results due to absence of serum matrix free from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The aim of this work was to develop a validated spectrofluorimetric methodology based on the standard addition approach for quantifying 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in real serum samples of autistic children...

BACKGROUND: Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a severe neurological disorder caused by the genetic deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt), an enzyme involved in the salvage synthesis of purines. To compensate this deficiency, there is an acceleration of the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. Most studies have failed to find any consistent abnormalities of purine nucleotides in cultured cells obtained from the patients. Recently, it has been shown that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside 5'-monophosphate (ZMP), an intermediate of the de novo pathway, accumulates in LND fibroblasts maintained with RPMI containing physiological levels (25 nM) of folic acid (FA), which strongly differs from FA levels of regular cell culture media (2200 nM)...

Low water temperature is a critical environmental factor limiting the size of cultivated aquatic individuals. However, it has found that a proportion of Eriocheir sinensis cultured in low water temperature with high-altitude can mature into three-year-old crabs, which present larger body size than conventional two-year-old crabs. Based on integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, the significantly difference focuses on metabolic pathways involving glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and vitamin digestion and absorption...

Raspberry fruits are an important source of many biologically active chemical compounds exerting nutritional and pro-health effects. The study presents a comparative analysis of nutritionally important bioactive chemical compounds-polyphenols; flavonoids, including anthocyanins; vitamin C; amino acids; fatty acids; and primary metabolites-contained in the fruits of three biennial fruiting cultivars, R. idaeus 'Glen Ample', 'Laszka', and 'Radziejowa', i.e., common cultivars in Poland and Europe. The antioxidant activity of fresh fruits and juice was determined with five methods...

Diatom-bacteria interactions evolved during more than 200 million years of coexistence in the same environment. In this time frame, they established complex and heterogeneous cohorts and consortia, creating networks of multiple cell-to-cell mutualistic or antagonistic interactions for nutrient exchanges, communication, and defence. The most diffused type of interaction between diatoms and bacteria is based on a win-win relationship in which bacteria benefit from the organic matter and nutrients released by diatoms, while these last rely on bacteria for the supply of nutrients they are not able to produce, such as vitamins and nitrogen...

Proteins in donkey milk (DM) have special biological activities. However, the bioactive proteins and their expression regulation in donkey milk are still unclear. Thus, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in DM in different lactation stages were first investigated by data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. A total of 805 proteins were characterized in DM. The composition and content of milk proteins varied with the lactation stage. A total of 445 candidate DEPs related to biological processes and molecular functions were identified between mature milk and colostrum...

Food, not nutrients, is the fundamental unit in nutrition. Nutrient requirement values and recommended daily intakes have long been determined and organized in tables by several regulators. These figures, however, overlook the complexity of mixing different foods in a diet and the mediation by human gut microbiota on digestion, metabolism, and health. The microbiome molecular mechanisms and its potential influence on nutrient requirements are far from clear. Guidelines should depend on the sort of intake, along with the dietary habits, rather than focusing on single nutrients...

Fruits are highly recommended nowadays in human diets because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, fibers and other necessary nutrients. The final stage of fruit production, known as ripening, plays a crucial role in determining the fruit's quality and commercial value. This is a complex physiological process, which involves many phytohormones and regulatory factors. Among the phytohormones involved in fruit ripening, abscisic acid (ABA) holds significant importance. ABA levels generally increase during the ripening process in most fruits, and applying ABA externally can enhance fruit flavor, hasten softening, and promote color development through complex signal regulation...

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that Bacillus velezensis has the potential as an animal feed additive, and its potential probiotic properties have been gradually explored. METHODS: In this study, Illumina NovaSeq PE150 and Oxford Nanopore ONT sequencing platforms were used to sequence the genome of Bacillus velezensis TS5, a fiber-degrading strain isolated from Tibetan sheep. To further investigate the potential of B. velezensis TS5 as a probiotic strain, in vivo experiments were conducted using 40 five-week-old male specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mice...