Hio

Hepatic iron overload (HIO) is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with a poor prognosis. Recently, the role of hepatic erythrophagocytosis in NAFLD is emerging as a cause of HIO. We undertook various assays using human NAFLD patient pathology samples and an in vivo nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model named STAMTM . To make the in vitro conditions comparable to those of the in vivo NASH model, red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets were suspended and subjected to metabolic and inflammatory stresses...

Organic-inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are highly anticipated because of the integration of both merits of the organic and inorganic moieties. Herein, the 2-pyrimidinone cation (C4 H5 N2 O)+ has been incorporated into the iodate system to form two polymorphic organic-inorganic hybrid iodates, namely, α- and β-(C4 H5 N2 O)(IO3 )·HIO3 . They crystallize in different polar space groups ( Ia and Pca 21 ), and their structures feature one-dimensional (1D) chain structures composed of (C4 H5 N2 O)+ cations, IO3 - anions, and HIO3 molecules interconnected via hydrogen bonds...

n-Type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are less developed than their p-type counterparts. Herein, polynaphthalenediimide (PNDI)-based copolymers bearing novel fluorinated selenophene-vinylene-selenophene (FSVS) units as efficient materials for both n-type OECTs and n-type OFETs is reported. The PNDI polymers with oligo(ethylene glycol) (EG7) side chains P(NDIEG7-FSVS), afford a high µC* of > 0.2 F cm-1V-1s-1, outperforming the benchmark n-type Pg4NDI-T2 and Pg4NDI-gT2 by two orders of magnitude...

Laboratory studies of host-microbe interactions have historically been carried out using transformed cell lines and animal models. Although much has been learned from these models, recent advances in the development of multicellular, physiologically active, human intestinal organoid (HIO) cultures are allowing unprecedented discoveries of host-microbe interactions. Here, we review recent literature using HIOs as models to investigate the pathogenesis of clinically important enteric bacteria and viruses and study commensal intestinal microbes...

OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of the exposure heights of the scan body on the accuracy of digital implant impressions at different positions. METHODS: Four maxilla master models with one analog at the anterior and posterior region were fabricated by a 3-dimensional printer. The analogs submerged differently from the gingival margin to ensure four exposure heights of the scan body: 10, 8, 6, and 4 mm clinical scan body height. The master models were then scanned with D2000 dental laboratory scanner as the reference models...

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that particulate matter (PM10) enters the gastrointestinal (GI) tract directly, causing the GI epithelial cells to function less efficiently, leading to inflammation and an imbalance in the gut microbiome. PM10 may, however, act as an exacerbation factor in patients with inflamed intestinal epithelium, which is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to dissect the pathology mechanism of PM10 exposure in inflamed intestines...

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the within- and between-person associations of acute and chronic stress with blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) using an app-based research platform. METHODS: We examined data from 31,964 adults (aged 18-90) in an app-based ecological momentary assessment study that used a research-validated optic sensor to measure BP. RESULTS: Within-person associations revealed that moments with (vs. without) acute stress exposure were associated with higher systolic (SBP: b = 1...

Current techniques for producing induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived mid/hindgut spheroids have faced major hurdles in consistency and reproducibility. Here, we present a protocol that uses mid/hindgut cells to generate homogeneous spheroids that subsequently mature into human intestinal organoids (HIOs). We describe steps for stepwise differentiation and spheroid formation using a 96-well plate. We then detail cell maturation in a suspended state and the implementation of a rotational bioreactor platform to maximize the culture efficiency of larger HIOs...

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases worldwide with public health concern, yet no antiviral therapies have been developed. In this study, we aimed to screen crude drugs, which are components of Japanese traditional medicine, ''Kampo'' to see their effects on HuNoV infection using a reproducible HuNoV cultivation system, stem-cell derived human intestinal organoids/enteroids (HIOs). Among the 22 crude drugs tested, Ephedra herba significantly inhibited HuNoV infection in HIOs...

The migration of ionic defects and electrochemical reactions with metal electrodes remains one of the most important research challenges for organometal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices. There is still a lack of understanding of how the formation of mobile ionic defects impact charge carrier transport and operational device stability, particularly in perovskite field-effect transistors (FETs), which tend to exhibit anomalous device characteristics. Here, the evolution of the n-type FET characteristics of one of the most widely studied materials, Cs0...

Autoimmune uveitis refers to several intraocular inflammation conditions, which are mediated by autoreactive T cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive cells that have shown potential for resolving various autoimmune diseases, including uveitis. However, poor donor cell dispersion distal to the injection site and plasticity of Treg cells in an inflammatory microenvironment can present obstacles for this immunotherapy. We assessed the use of a physical blend of hyaluronan and methylcellulose (HAMC) as immunoprotective and injectable hydrogel cell delivery system to improve the efficacy of Treg-based therapy in treating experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)...

Iodine, as a typical haloid element in group VIIA, has been extensively applied as antiseptics clinically, thanks to its effective and wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Nevertheless, current iodic sterilizing agents are still limited to topical applications such as instrument sterilization and treatments of skin or mucous membrane infection due to its unsatisfactory stability and biocompatibility. Here, we propose an emerging two-dimensional iodine nanomaterial (noted as iodinene) for the treatment of infection diseases in vivo ...

Subsets of tumor-produced cell surface and secreted proteins can bind to IgG1 type antibodies and suppress their immune-effector activities. As they affect antibody and complement-mediated immunity, we call these proteins humoral immuno-oncology (HIO) factors. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) use antibody targeting to bind cell surface antigens, internalize into the cell, then kill target cells upon liberation of the cytotoxic payload. Binding of the ADC antibody component by a HIO factor may potentially hamper ADC efficacy due to reduced internalization...

Enteroviruses are a leading cause of upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal, and neurological infections. Management of enterovirus-related diseases has been hindered by the lack of specific antiviral treatment. The pre-clinical and clinical development of such antivirals has been challenging, calling for novel model systems and strategies to identify suitable pre-clinical candidates. Organoids represent a new and outstanding opportunity to test antiviral agents in a more physiologically relevant system...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: WNT2B is a canonical Wnt ligand previously thought to be fully redundant with other Wnts in the intestinal epithelium. However, humans with WNT2B deficiency have severe intestinal disease, highlighting a critical role for WNT2B. We sought to understand how WNT2B contributes to intestinal homeostasis. METHODS: We investigated the intestinal health of Wnt2b knock out (KO) mice. We assessed the impact of inflammatory challenge to the small intestine, using anti-CD3χ antibody, and to the colon, using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Clinical work has revealed that hepatectomy for resectable ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) has a relatively high percentage of positive resection margins found in postoperative pathology. It is necessary to evaluate the risk factors associated with R1 resection in patients undergoing hepatectomy for rHCC. METHODS: A total of 408 patients with resectable rHCC originating from three centers undergoing surgery from January 2012 to January 2020 were consecutively enrolled in the study to study the prognostic impact of R1 resection using Kaplan-Meier plotting of survival curves...

The in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into human intestinal organoids (HIOs) has served as a powerful means for creating complex three-dimensional intestinal structures. Due to their diverse cell populations, transplantation into an animal host is supported with this system and allows for the temporal formation of fully laminated structures, including crypt-villus architecture and smooth muscle layers which resemble native human intestine. While the endpoint of HIO engraftment has been well described, here, we aim to elucidate the developmental stages of HIO engraftment and establish if it parallels fetal human intestinal development...

Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and increased bone fragility. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity also results in bone loss, which is associated with an imbalanced gut microbiome. However, whether HFD-induced obesity or HFD itself promotes osteoclastogenesis and consequent bone loss remains unclear. In this study, we developed HFD-induced obesity (HIO) and non-obesity (NO) mouse models to evaluate the effect of HFD on bone loss. NO mice were defined as body weight within 5% of higher or lower than that of chow diet fed mice after 10 weeks HFD feeding...

BACKGROUND: Early detection of iron overload in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients is critical to prevent complications and improve survival. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the utility of serum ferritin (SF) in the prediction of hepatic and myocardial iron overload (HIO and MIO) compared to T2*-MRI. DESIGN: Retrospective SETTINGS: Governmental hospitals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with TDT who had T2*-MRI examinations between January 2016 to October 2019 were included...

Highly effective drugs modulating the defective protein encoded by the CFTR gene have revolutionized cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy. Preclinical drug-testing on human nasal epithelial (HNE) cell cultures and 3-dimensional human intestinal organoids (3D HIO) are used to address patient-specific variation in drug response and to optimize individual treatment for people with CF. This study is the first to report comparable CFTR functional responses to CFTR modulator treatment among patients with different classes of CFTR gene variants using the three methods of 2D HIO, 3D HIO, and HNE...