PD1 PDL1

The aim of this study was to present current research trends on the synergistic use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy (IRT) for cancer treatment. On March 1, 2023, we conducted a literature search for IRT papers using the Web of Science database. We extracted information and constructed two databases - the Core Database (CD) with 864 papers and Generalized Database (GD) with 6344 papers. A bibliometric analysis was performed to provide insights into the research landscape, to identify emerging trends and highly cited papers and journals in the field of IRT...

Pathological angiogenesis with subsequent disturbed microvascular remodeling is a major cause of irreversible blindness in a number of ischemic retinal diseases. The current anti-VEGF therapy can effectively inhibit angiogenesis, but it also brings significant side effects. The emergence of stem cell derived extracellular vesicles provides a new underlining strategy for ischemic retinopathy. We extracted apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). SHED-apoVs were delivered into the eyeballs of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR, a most common model of angiogenic retinal dieseases) mice through intravitreal injection...

There is mounting evidence that HIV infection is a risk factor for severe presentations of COVID-19. We hypothesized that the persistent immune activation associated with chronic HIV infection contributes to worsened outcomes during acute COVID-19. The goals of this study were to provide an in-depth analysis of immune response to acute COVID-19 and investigate relationships between immune responses and clinical outcomes in an unvaccinated, sex and race-matched cohort of people with HIV (PWH, n=20) and people without HIV (PWOH, n=41)...

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies. Current treatment options are limited and ineffective, prompting the discovery of reliable biomarkers. Exosome lncRNAs, carrying genetic information, are promising new markers. Previous studies only focused on exosome-related genes and employed the Lasso algorithm to construct prediction models, which are not robust. METHODS: 420 OC patients from the TCGA datasets were divided into training and validation datasets...

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a crucial target for cancer therapy. Here, an in silico study investigates PD-L1 to inhibit its interaction with PD1, thereby promoting an immune response to eliminate cancer cells. The study employed machine learning (ML) -based QSAR to detect PDL1 inhibitors. Morgan's fingerprint with docking score showed a 0.83 correlation with the experimental IC50, enabling the screening of 3200 natural compounds. The top three compounds, considered 2819 , 2821 and 3188 , were selected from the ML-based QSAR and subjected to molecular docking and simulation...

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed tumor treatment. However, the risk of pulmonary adverse events (PAEs) associated with ICI combination therapy is still unclear. We aimed to provide a PAE overview and risk ordering of ICIs used in tumor treatment. METHODS: We searched the databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and clinical trial websites during January 2011-April 2023 to identify phase II and III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and single-arm clinical trials wherein at least one treatment arm received ICIs (e...

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, and the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches, such as PD1/PDL1 immunotherapy, is critical. This study leverages comprehensive data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the differential expression of PD1/PDL1 in lung cancer patients and explores its implications. Clinical data, RNA expression, somatic mutations, and copy number variations of 1017 lung cancer patients were obtained from TCGA. Patients were categorized into high (HE) and low (LE) PD1/PDL1 expression groups based on mRNA levels...

BACKGROUND: Chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is the treatment of choice for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Several clinical trials that combine programmed cell death 1 (PD1) axis inhibitors with radiotherapy are in development for patients with LA-NSCLC. However, the effect of CRT on tumor cells programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is unknown. METHODS: In this multicentric retrospective study, we analyzed paired NSCLC specimens that had been obtained pre- and post-CRT...

Most of the currently used cancer immunotherapies inhibit the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) axis of T-cells. However, dendritic cells (DCs) controlled by natural killer (NK) cells via the FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) axis are necessary for activation of T-cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate FLT3 as a prognostic factor and determine its role in immune infiltration (with emphasis on NK cells and DCs). Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we performed bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression datasets of 501 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and 515 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patient who had corresponding clinical data [analysis was performed in R (version 4...

Anti-programmed cell death (anti-PD1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand (anti-PDL1) agents represent a burgeoning field of immunotherapy with an expanding array of indications. In this report, we present the observation of a patient with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma exhibiting features of immune-related cholangitis.

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD1) blockade immunotherapy provides a prospective strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but various constraints on the effectiveness of the treatment are still remaining. As reported in previous studies, follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) could mediate inflammatory response in macrophages by induction lipid accumulation. Herein, we revealed that FSTL3 were overexpressed in malignant cells in the CRC microenvironment, notably, the expression level of FSTL3 was related to tumor immune evasion and the clinical efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy...

Cancer patients by immune checkpoint therapy have achieved long-term remission, with no recurrence of clinical symptoms of cancer for many years. Nevertheless, more than half of cancer patients are not responsive to this therapy due to immune exhaustion. Here, we report a novel gene engineered exosome which is rationally designed by engineering PD1 gene and simultaneously enveloping an immune adjuvant imiquimod (PD1-Imi Exo) for boosting response of cancer immune checkpoint blockage therapy. The results showed that PD1-Imi Exo had a vesicular round shape (approximately 139 nm), revealed a significant targeting and a strong binding effect with both cancer cell and dendritic cell, and demonstrated a remarkable therapeutic efficacy in the melanoma-bearing mice and in the breast cancer-bearing mice...

INTRODUCTION: Small-molecule Programmable Cell Death Protein 1/Programmable Death-Ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibition via PDL1 dimerization has the potential to lead to inexpensive drugs with better cancer patient outcomes and milder side effects. However, this therapeutic approach has proven challenging, with only one PDL1 dimerizer reaching early clinical trials so far. There is hence a need for fast and accurate methods to develop alternative PDL1 dimerizers. OBJECTIVES: We aim to show that structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) based on PDL1-specific machine-learning (ML) scoring functions (SFs) is a powerful drug design tool for detecting PD1/PDL1 inhibitors via PDL1 dimerization...

PDL1 blockade therapy holds great promise in cancer immunotherapy. Ultrasound imaging of PDL1 expression in the tumor is of great importance in predicting the therapeutic efficacy. As a proof-of-concept study, a novel ultrasound contrast agent has been innovated here to image and block PDL1 in the tumor tissue. Briefly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are engineered to display truncated PD1 (tPD1) on the surface to bind PDL1 with high affinity by fusion to EV-abundant transmembrane protein PTGFRN. The engineered EVs are then encapsulated with Ca(HCO3 )2 via electroporation and designated as Gp-EVtPD1 , which would recognize PDL1 highly expressed cells and produce gas in the endosomes and lysosomes...

Multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms exist in the tumor microenvironment that drive poor outcomes and decrease treatment efficacy. The co-expression of NOS2 and COX2 is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in ER- breast cancer and other malignancies. Together, they generate pro-oncogenic signals that drive metastasis, drug resistance, cancer stemness, and immune suppression. Using an ER- breast cancer patient cohort, we found that the spatial expression patterns of NOS2 and COX2 with CD3+CD8+PD1- T effector (Teff) cells formed a tumor immune landscape that correlated with poor outcome...

The 2022 yearly Think Tank Meeting in Siena, Tuscany (Italy), organized by the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT) Foundation, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and the World Immunotherapy Council, included a focus on the future of integrating and expanding the use of targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). The conference members exchanged their views on the lessons from targeting CTLA-4 and compared the effect to the impact of blocking Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) or its ligand (PDL1)...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors against Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/Programmed Cell (PD-1/PD-L1) and CTLA-4/B7 axes have had limited success in hematologic malignancies, requiring the need to explore alternative targets such as T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT)/CD155 to improve durable clinical responses. We undertook this study to investigate the expression profile of TIGIT such that the potential efficacy of TIGIT blockade could be mapped among lymphoma subtypes. We validated an immunohistochemical assay for TIGIT and evaluated its expression in lymphoma and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells in 661 lymphoma/leukemia biopsies...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for cancer treatment in clinical oncology have revolutionized patient care. However, no gold standard exists for the criteria of analytical validity of TILs of different types of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathological data from 60 patients with endometrioid carcinoma (EC) who had undergone surgical treatment at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2009, were investigated...

Two bis-(imidazolium-vanillylidene)-( R , R )-diaminocyclohexane ligands (H2 (VAN)2 dach, H2 L1,2 ) and their Pd(II) complexes (PdL1 and PdL2 ) were successfully synthesized and structurally characterized using microanalytical and spectral methods. Subsequently, to target the development of new effective and safe anti-breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents, these complexes were encapsulated by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to formulate (PdL1 LNP and PdL2 LNP), which are physicochemically and morphologically characterized...

INTRODUCTION: Severe preeclampsia (sPE) is a systemic syndrome that may originate from chronic inflammation. Maintaining maternal-fetal hemostasis by the co-inhibitory molecule programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) can be favorable for ameliorating inflammation from immune cells. Apart from programmed death 1 (PD1) expression, decidual macrophages (dMs) produce inflammatory cytokines, in response to cells which express PDL1. However, strong evidence is lacking regarding whether the PDL1/PD1 interaction between trophoblasts and decidual macrophages affects inflammation during sPE development...