Tuberculosis

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Therapeutic liquid mixtures, as deep eutectic systems, are considered a sustainable strategy that can be useful for the modification and enhancement of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different active ingredients. In this study, we assessed the stability and antibacterial activity of therapeutic liquid formulations prepared with anti-tuberculosis drugs. Tuberculosis therapy presents various pitfalls related, for example, to the administration of prolonged regimens of multiple drugs, different severe adverse effects, low compliance of the patient to treatment and the development of drug resistance...

IsdG-type enzymes catalyze the non-canonical degradation of heme to iron, staphylobilin (SB), and formaldehyde (HCHO), presumably by binding heme in an unusually distorted conformation. Their unique mechanism has been elucidated for MhuD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, revealing an unusual ring-opening of hydroxyheme by dioxygenation. A similar mechanism has been postulated for other IsdG enzymes; however, MhuD, which is special as an IsdG-type enzyme, retains a formyl group in the linearized tetrapyrrole...

Development of a robust diagnostic test for patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis (HIV/TB) is urgently needed. We believe N6-methyladenosine (m6A)- related long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) from the host blood could be utilized to diagnose patients co-infected with HIV/TB. In this study, differentially expressed analysis, correlation analysis, univariate logistic regression, and logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed in RNA-Seq dataset containing of 14 HIV/TB co-infected subjects and 11 HIV mono-infected subjects...

Intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) was developed to treat cardiovascular diseases due to its rheological effects. In its original form, ILIB was applied by an intravenous optical fiber, restricting its application. However, this technique was modified to non-invasive irradiation through the radial artery, now called vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM). Many studies have used both, ILIB and VPBM, to treat lung diseases. It is well established that lung diseases affect more than 300 million people worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates...

Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has been responsible for the deaths of millions of individuals around the globe. A vital protein in viral pathogenesis known as resuscitation promoting factor (RpfB) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target of anti-tuberculosis drugs. This study offered an in silico process to examine possible RpfB inhibitors employing a computational drug design pipeline. In this study, a total of 1228 phytomolecules were virtually tested against the RpfB of Mtb...

Tuberculosis (TB) killed more people globally than any other single pathogen over the past decade. Where surveillance is weak, estimating TB burden estimates uses modeling. In many African countries, increases in HIV prevalence and antiretroviral therapy have driven dynamic TB epidemics, complicating estimation of burden, trends, and potential intervention impact. We therefore develop a novel age-structured TB transmission model incorporating evolving demographic, HIV and antiretroviral therapy effects, and calibrate to TB prevalence and notification data from 12 African countries...

In 2020, an estimated total of 155 million people had survived tuberculosis. Among this number, a sizable proportion have considerable post-tuberculosis morbidity, as shown for the adult population. This systematic review aims to identify the spectrum and prevalence of post-tuberculosis sequelae in children and adolescents. Four databases were systematically searched from database inception to Feb 7, 2022, for literature on post-treatment outcomes of tuberculosis acquired during childhood. Of the 4613 identified publications, 71 studies were included in this systematic review...

OBJECTIVES: Despite concerted efforts, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), continues to be a burden on global health, regaining its dubious distinction in 2022 as the world's biggest infectious killer with global COVID-19 deaths steadily declining. The complex nature of M.tb, coupled with different pathogenic stages, has highlighted the need for development of novel immunization approaches to combat this ancient infectious agent. Intensive efforts over the last couple of decades have identified alternative approaches to improve upon traditional vaccines that are based on killed pathogens, live attenuated agents, or subunit recombinant antigens formulated with adjuvants...

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BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a big threaten to global health. The current strategy for treatment of MDR-TB and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is with low efficacy and high side effect. While new drug is fundamental for cure MDR-TB, repurposing the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs represents an alternative soluation with less cost. METHODS: The activity of 8 tetracycline-class antibiotics against mycobacterium tuberculosis (M...

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is a life-threatening condition that usually presents with seizures, particularly in children and HIV-infected patients. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and tuberculomas are the two forms of CNS tuberculosis that can present with seizures. Seizures usually resolve after successful treatment of the underlying infection. However, the success of the treatment is usually based on an early diagnosis. Delay in the treatment of CNS tuberculosis increases the risk of its associated complications, such as stroke...

Nigeria has the second largest share of undiagnosed TB cases in the world and a large private health sector estimated to be the point of initial care-seeking for 67% of TB patients. There is evidence that COVID-19 restrictions disrupted private healthcare provision, but insufficient data on how private healthcare provision changed as a result of the pandemic. We conducted qualitative interviews and a survey to assess the impact of the pandemic, and government response on private healthcare provision, and the disruptions providers experienced, particularly for TB services...

Tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the United States remains elusive, and community-specific, localized intervention strategies may be necessary to meet elimination goals. A better understanding of the genotypic diversity of Mtb, the population subgroups affected by different TB strains, and differences in disease presentation associated with these strains can aid in identifying risk groups and designing tailored interventions. We analyze TB incidence and genotype data from all Arkansas counties over an 11-year time span from 2010 through 2020...

With a prevalence almost twice as high as the national average, people living in South African townships are particularly impacted by the HIV epidemic. Yet, it remains unclear how socioeconomic factors impact the risk of HIV infection within township populations. Our objective was to estimate the extent to which socioeconomic factors (dwelling situation, education, employment status, and monthly income) explain the risk of HIV in South African township populations, after controlling for behavioural and individual risk factors...

Reducing mortality among COVID-19 cases is a major challenge for most health systems worldwide. Estimating the risk of preexisting comorbidities on COVID-19 mortality may promote the importance of targeting at-risk populations to improve survival through primary and secondary prevention. This study was conducted to explore the contribution of exposure to some chronic diseases on the mortality of COVID-19. This was a case control study. The data were collected from the records of all patients hospitalised at Bafoussam Regional Hospital (BRH) from March 2020 to December 2021...

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death globally. In 2015, the World Health Organization hailed patient-centred care as the first of three pillars in the End TB strategy. Few examples of how to deliver patient-centred care in TB programmes exist in practice; TB control efforts have historically prioritised health systems structures and processes, with little consideration for the experiences of people affected by TB. We aimed to describe how patient-centred care interventions have been implemented for TB, highlighting gaps and opportunities...

People living with HIV (PLHIV) admitted to hospital have a high risk of death. We systematically appraised evidence for interventions to reduce mortality among hospitalised PLHIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using a broad search strategy with terms for HIV, hospitals, and clinical trials, we searched for reports published between 1 Jan 2003 and 23 August 2021. Studies of interventions among adult HIV positive inpatients in LMICs were included if there was a comparator group and death was an outcome...