pericardial

Basic point-of-care ultrasound of the heart-also known as Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FoCUS)-has emerged as a powerful bedside tool to narrow the differential diagnosis of causes of hypotension. The list of causes of hypotension that a FoCUS provider is expected to be able to recognize includes a compressive pericardial effusion due to hemopericardium (blood in the pericardial sac). But hemopericardium can be difficult to distinguish from a more common condition that is not immediately life-threatening: epicardial fat...

Amivantamab is the first dual-specificity antibody targeting EGFR and MET, which is approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. Cardiovascular toxicities related to amivantamab have not been reported in the CHRYSALIS study. However, the occurrence of cardiovascular events in the real world is unknown. To comprehensively investigate the clinical characteristics, onset times, and outcomes of cardiovascular toxicities associated with amivantamab...

BACKGROUND: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with increased afterload and hindered myocardial recovery. Adding a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD) to ECMO is one strategy to unload the left ventricle. We evaluated in-hospital outcomes in cardiogenic shock patients treated with ECMO alone versus ECMO plus pLVAD. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2011 to 2019...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Dysfunctional Adiposity Index (DAI) is a clinical surrogate for evaluating adipose tissue functionality and cardiometabolic health. However, its association with Pericardial Fat Volume (PFV) has not been tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate DAI- PFV association, stratified by type 2 diabetes (T2D) status, and identify DAI thresholds for detecting increased PFV among patients without premature CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants from the GEA-Mexican study underwent a computed tomography scan to measure PFV...

Metconazole (MEZ), a chiral triazole fungicide, produces enantioselective adverse effects in non-target organisms. Among MEZ's isomers, cis-MEZ displays robust antimicrobial properties. Evaluating MEZ and cis-MEZ's toxicity may mitigate fungicide usage and safeguard non-target organisms. Our study evaluated the toxicity of MEZ and its cis-isomers at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, 2, and 4 mg·L-1 . We report stereoselectivity and severe cardiovascular defects in zebrafish, including pericardial oedema, decreased heart rate, increased sinus venous and bulbous arteries distances, intersegmental vessel defects, and altered cardiovascular development genes (hand2, gata4, nkx2...

Myxedema is a medical emergency with high mortality rates if not treated aggressively. Here, we present a middle-aged female with complaints of generalized body swelling for one year, shortness of breath, hoarseness of voice, neck swelling, and cough for 20 days. The patient was diagnosed to be having severe hypothyroidism with polyserositis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the neck and thorax revealed extensive soft tissue edema causing airway narrowing, bilateral pleural effusion, moderate pericardial effusion, and features of atypical pneumonia...

This case report describes a rare instance of left-sided congenital pericardial agenesis (CPA) encountered during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in a 77-year-old male. In this unique case, the presence of an unusual strip of left pericardium containing the phrenic nerve posed significant surgical challenges. Special attention was required for the graft lay, ensuring adequate filling of the heart during assessment before closure, as well as emphasis on the need for generous graft length. Additionally, the evaluation of graft positioning prior to cardiopulmonary bypass was crucial...

BACKGROUND: Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) is the most frequent complication of cardiac surgery and is associated with reduced survival, increased rates of cognitive changes and cerebrovascular accidents, heart failure, renal dysfunction, infection, length of stay and hospital costs. Cardiac tamponade although less common, carries high morbidity and mortality. Shed mediastinal blood in the pericardial space is a major source of intrapericardial oxidative stress and inflammation that triggers POAF...

OBJECTIVE: Blunt cardiac rupture is a life-threatening injury that requires surgical repair by cardiovascular or trauma surgeons. We report a case of blunt cardiac rupture in a rural area in which emergency physicians performed emergency department thoracotomy and surgical repair to save the patient's life. PATIENT AND METHODS: This case involved an 18-year-old female who was injured in a traffic accident and underwent emergency thoracotomy and surgical repair. RESULTS: The patient's left thorax was deformed, and sonographic assessment revealed pericardial effusion...

Because of its enhanced antitumor efficacy, lapatinib (LAP) is commonly used clinically in combination with the anthracycline drug doxorubicin (DOX) to treat metastatic breast cancer. While it is well recognized that this combination chemotherapy can lead to an increased risk of cardiotoxicity in adult women, its potential cardiotoxicity in the fetus during pregnancy remains understudied. Here, we aimed to examine the combination of LAP chemotherapy and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the fetus using a zebrafish embryonic system and investigate the underlying pathologic mechanisms...

BACKGROUND Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by angiopathy, autoimmunity, and fibrosis. One form of scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, is characterized by diffuse skin lesions and visceral involvement. Eosinophilic pleural effusion is a rare complication attributed to a large array of diseases. We present a case of a man with underlying systemic sclerosis who developed eosinophilic pleural effusion as a complication of associated Trichinella spiralis infection. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old man presented for bilateral inflammatory radio-ulnar-carpal joint pain, paresthesia of the hands and forearms and a 2-week history of right posterior aching thoracic pain and night sweats...

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The present research aimed to document the incidence, clinical signs, haematological, and serum biochemical alterations, as well as electrocardiography and echocardiography findings in 62 buffaloes (selected from a total of 240) infected with Trypanosoma evansi. The study spanned one year, from January 2022 to December 2022. Morphological identification of Trypanosoma evansi was done by the presence of a centrally positioned nucleus with a small sub-terminal kinetoplast at the posterior position through microscopic examination of Giemsa stained peripheral blood smears...

A 55-year-old male with acute pericarditis presented with low-pressure cardiac tamponade (LPCT) unresponsive to volume infusion. Subsequent pericardiocentesis resulted in hemodynamic improvement and unmasking of pericardial constriction. This case provides illustrative hemodynamic tracings of LPCT. Additionally, the presence of concurrent pericardial constriction that may indicate a plausible underlying mechanism for the blunted responsiveness to fluid expansion in LPCT. The underlying physiologic processes and the associated hemodynamic tracings are discussed...

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming increasingly crucial in the Pediatric Emergency Department for objective patient examination. However, despite its growing interest and wide-ranging applications, POCUS remains relatively unexplored in general pediatric training and education. Many physicians still find it challenging to comprehend and implement. METHODS: A theoretical-practical POCUS course for pediatric residents was conducted at the University of Catania, Italy...

Congenital pericardial absence is an uncommon heart condition that is usually undiagnosed due to a lack of symptoms and awareness. In this case study, we present a 72-year-old patient who initially presented for medical evaluation due to unexplained weight loss, a displaced cardiac apex, and poor echocardiographic windows. An extracardiac tumor was suspected at first, but it was later determined that the patient had a congenital complete absence of the left pericardium. This case illustrates the possibility for benign pathology to present abnormally and details the clinical features, imaging findings, and management of congenital absence of the pericardium...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced pericarditis and pericardial myocarditis are common entities; however, the development of pericardial effusion post-COVID-19 infection has only been reported in about 5% of cases. Rapid and acute progression to pericardial tamponade is uncommon, and progression to effusive constrictive pericarditis (ECP) and pericardial decompression syndrome (PDS) is an even rarer phenomenon. We describe these phenomena in this report to raise awareness and aid clinicians in the early diagnosis and management of these conditions...

Although anticoagulation stands as a standardized therapeutic approach for mitigating thrombotic risks in atrial fibrillation, the potential for bleeding associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is consistently weighed in the risk/benefit analysis prior to initiating therapy for non-valvular atrial fibrillation. While the typical bleeding risks from DOACs predominantly affect the gastrointestinal system, occurrences of spontaneous hemorrhagic pericardial effusions are rare. This case presentation illustrates a patient developing spontaneous hemorrhagic pericardial effusion four days after commencing apixaban therapy and subsequent management...

Left ventricular aneurysms (LVAs) represent a rare yet critical complication arising from late-presenting myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we present the case of an 88-year-old male with chest pressure, elevated troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, and lactate. The electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and an old right bundle branch block. The patient was started on heparin infusion, but progressively worsening hypotension necessitated transfer to the intensive care unit and the initiation of vasopressors...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a remitting-relapsing systemic autoantibody and immune complex disease with a similar clinical presentation to that of malignancy and infection. The authors report a case of newly diagnosed SLE and lupus nephritis in a 48-year-old woman with constitutional symptoms and unintentional weight loss. Her presentation was further complicated by pericardial effusion and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) facial cellulitis and bacteremia. In the context of nonspecific symptoms and a wide initial differential diagnosis, the early consideration of rheumatologic etiologies and the involvement of consultant services led to appropriate diagnostic testing and a timely diagnosis...