CIT

Numerous studies have used air quality models to estimate pollutant concentrations in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) by using different inputs and assumptions. Our objectives are to summarize these studies, compare their performance, configurations, and inputs, and recommend areas of further research. We examined 29 air quality modeling studies that focused on ozone (O3 ) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) performed over the MASP, published from 2001 to 2023. The California Institute of Technology airshed model (CIT) was the most used offline model, while the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) was the most used online model...

BACKGROUND: Arginine (ARG)/Citrulline (CIT) deficiency is associated with increased sepsis severity after infection. Supplementation of CIT to susceptible populations with ARG/CIT deficiency such as preterm newborns with suspected infection might prevent sepsis, via maintaining immune and vascular function. METHODS: Caesarean-delivered, parenterally nourished preterm pigs were treated with CIT (1g/kg) via oral or continuous intravenous supplementation, then inoculated with live Staphylococcus epidermidis and clinically monitored for 14h...

The purpose of this study was to prepare Pickering emulsion with synergistic antibacterial effect using whey protein isolated-citral (WPI-Cit) nanoparticles with eugenol for grape preservation. In this emulsion, eugenol was encapsulated in oil phase. The particle size, ζ-potential, and antibacterial mechanism of the nanoparticles were characterized. The rheological properties, antibacterial effects and preservation effects of WPI-Cit Pickering emulsion were measured. The results showed that the optimal preparation condition was performed at WPI/Cit mass ratio of 1:1, WPI-Cit nanoparticles were found to damage the cell wall and membrane of bacteria and showed more effective inhibition against S...

BACKGROUND: Gouty arthritis (GA), a common inflammatory condition triggered by monosodium urate crystal accumulation, often necessitates safer treatment alternatives due to the limitations of current therapies. Astilbin, a flavonoid from Smilax glabra Roxb, has demonstrated potential in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the anti-GA effect and its underlying mechanism have not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of astilbin in GA, focusing on its effects on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as well as the potential molecular target of GA both in vitro and in vivo...

Plastic contamination can cause damage to the water quality of fish farm ponds, and also affect the quality of the final product. Pseudomonas mendocina was found to biodegrade plastics. Our study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties and drug resistance of P. mendocina isolated from local freshwater aquaculture farms. Firstly, the strain was isolated from aquaculture water and then identified by matrix-assisted flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing. Then, biochemical and antibiotic resistance analyses were performed, and a microbial high-throughput growth detector was used to assess the growth of the strain...

Study objectives were to characterize the effects of citrulline (CIT) on physiological and intestinal morphology metrics during heat stress (HS) and feed restriction. Forty crossbred gilts [30±2 kg body weight (BW)] were assigned to 1 of 5 treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) fed ad libitum (AL) with control (CON) supplement (TNAL; n=8), 2) TN pair-fed (PF) with CON (PF-CON; n=8), 3) TN PF with CIT (PF-CIT; n=8), 4) HS AL with CON (HS-CON; n=8), and 5) HS AL with CIT (HS-CIT; n=8). During period (P) 1 (7 d), pigs were in TN conditions (23...

This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of action in the intervention of acute lung injury(ALI) based on the blood entry components of Ganke Granules in rats and in conjunction with network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experimental validation. The blood entry components of Ganke Granules in rats were imported into the SwissTargetPrediction platform to predict drug targets, and ALI-related targets were collected from the disease database. Intersections were taken, and protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks were constructed to screen the core targets, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) functional and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses...

The adsorption of phosphorus (P) onto active soil surfaces plays a pivotal role in immobilizing P, thereby influencing soil fertility and the filter function of soil to protect freshwater systems from eutrophication. Competitive anions, such as organic matter (OM), significantly affect the strength of this P-binding, eventually controlling P mobility and release, but surprisingly, these processes are insufficiently understood at the molecular level. In this study, we provide a molecular-level perspective on the influence of OM on P binding at the goethite-water interface using a combined experimental-theoretical approach...

Until now, there has been a lack of effective strategies for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has high potential in treating several cancers but its efficacy is limited as a monotherapy. Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) holds promise to be widely used in cancer treatment. Therefore, identifying their involvement and potential synergy in CIT approaches is decisive. Nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) are ideal delivery systems because they can simultaneously target immune cells and cancer cells, promoting drug accumulation, and reducing the toxicity of the drug...

In this study, we investigated the relationship between the cecal intubation time (CIT) and the form and method used for passing through the sigmoid/descending colon junction (SDJ) and the hepatic flexure using an endoscopic position detection unit (UPD), with reference to various factors [age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of abdominal and pelvic surgery, and diverticulum]. A total of 152 patients underwent colonoscopy with UPD. The mean age was 66.9 ± 12.4 years, and the male to female ratio was 3...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies identified increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) as a promising biomarker for parkinsonian disorders, suggesting a compensation to dying dopaminergic neurons. A correlation with 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT (DaT-SPECT) imaging could shed light on this link. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to assess the relationship between CSF DDC levels and DaT-SPECT binding values. METHODS: A total of 51 and 72 Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects with available DaT-SPECT and CSF DDC levels were selected from the PPMI and Biopark cohorts, respectively...

Both dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) play key roles in numerous functions including motor control, stress response and learning. So far, there is scarce or conflicting evidence about the effects of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor (R) agonists and antagonists on recognition memory in the rat. This also holds for their effect on cerebral DA as well as 5-HT release. In the present study, we assessed the effects of the 5-HT1A R agonist 8-OH-DPAT and antagonist WAY100,635 and the 5-HT2A R agonist DOI and antagonist altanserin (ALT) on rat behaviors...

Tubulysins are among the most recent antimitotic compounds to enter into antibody/peptide-drug conjugate (ADC/PDC) development. Thus far, the design of the most promising tubulysin payloads relied on simplifying their structures, e.g., by using small tertiary amide N-substituents (Me, Et, Pr) on tubuvaline residue. Cumbersome solution-phase approaches are typically used for both syntheses and functionalization with cleavable linkers. p-Aminobenzyl quaternary ammonium (PABQ) linkers were a remarkable advancement for targeted delivery, but the procedures to incorporate them into tubulysins are only of moderate efficiency...

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary caffeine intake on striatal dopamine function and clinical symptoms in Parkinson disease in a cross-sectional and longitudinal setting. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three early Parkinson disease patients and 40 healthy controls were investigated with [123 I]FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography, and striatal dopamine transporter binding was evaluated in association with the level of daily coffee consumption and clinical measures...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to discuss the distinctive features of the intestinal microbiota in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and to comprehensively analyse the composition of the intestinal microbiota as well as the levels of free amino acids and acylcarnitines in the peripheral blood of neonates experiencing hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS: At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were the five predominant microbial groups identified in both the hyperbilirubinemia and control groups...

Cellular immunotherapy (CIT) has both demonstrated outstanding levels of efficacy in cancer and presented unique commercialisation challenges. A historical analysis of go-to-market (G2M) strategies used to develop the first chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) can offer insight into how companies leverage partnership or independence to ensure commercial success. Collaboration-based strategies, such as partnerships, acquisitions, and licensing deals, have predominated in the industry to maximise revenue and patient access...

INTRODUCTION: Cryopreservation of semen can give full play to the reproductive advantages of male animals. However, in actual production, due to the poor frost resistance of sheep semen and the low conception rate, the promotion of sheep frozen semen is greatly hindered. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the frost resistance of semen to improve the quality of frozen semen. At present, most studies on improving the quality of frozen semen are based on the improvement of semen dilutions, and few studies on improving the freezing resistance of ram semen by feeding functional amino acids...

The role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of gambling disorder (GD) remains incompletely understood, with disparate research findings concerning presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and dopaminergic synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate potential correlations between striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) lateralization and asymmetry index, as assessed by 123 I-FP-CIT SPECT, and temperamental traits, as measured by Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in GD subjects. Significant associations were found between DAT binding asymmetries in the caudate and putamen and the temperamental dimensions of harm avoidance and novelty seeking...

Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who experience first relapse/refractoriness can be categorized into early or late progression-of-disease (POD) groups, with a threshold of 24 months from the initial MCL diagnosis. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) are established standard treatment at first relapse, but their effectiveness as compared to chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) in late-POD patients remains unknown. In this international, observational cohort study, we evaluated outcomes amongst patients at first, late-POD beyond 24 months...

OBJECTIVES: Psychosis, especially in delusions, greatly impairs the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their caregivers. Few objective risk indicators of the association between psychosis and clinical features has been reported. It is unclear whether the reduction in DAT binding represents the underlying mechanism of delusion or its association. There are no long-term data on the objective prognostic value of DAT binding for delusions. We investigated whether DAT binding at baseline can be a prognostic risk factor for future development of PD delusions...