"Nervous system recovery"

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a possible evolutionary post-heart transplant return of autonomic function using quantitative and qualitative information from recurrence plots. METHODS: Using electrocardiography, 102 RR tachograms of 45 patients (64.4% male) who underwent heart transplantation and that were available in the database were analyzed at different follow-up periods. The RR tachograms were collected from patients in the supine position for about 20 minutes. A time series with 1000 RR intervals was analyzed, a recurrence plot was created, and the following quantitative variables were evaluated: percentage of determinism, percentage of recurrence, average diagonal length, Shannon entropy, and sample entropy, as well as the visual qualitative aspect...

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the recovery pattern of a whole-body compression garment on hemodynamic parameters and on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity after a swimming performance. Ten young male athletes were recruited and tested in 2 different days, with and without wearing the garment during the recovery phase. After a warm-up of 15 minutes, athletes were instructed to perform a maximal 400-m freestyle swimming event, and then time series of beat-to-beat intervals for heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and hemodynamic parameters were recorded for 90 minutes of recovery...

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the recovery pattern of a whole body compression garment on hemodynamic parameters and on ANS activity following a swimming performance. Ten young male athletes were recruited and tested in two different days, with and without wearing the garment during the recovery phase. After a warm-up of 15 minutes, athletes were instructed to perform a maximal 400m freestyle swimming event, and then time series of beat-to-beat intervals for heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and hemodynamic parameters were recorded for 90 minutes of recovery...

Chronic demyelination and plaque formation in multiple sclerosis is accompanied by persisting astrogliosis, negatively influencing central nervous system recovery and remyelination. Triiodothyronin (T3) is thought to enhance remyelination in the adult brain by the induction of oligodendrocyte maturation. We investigated additional astrocyte-mediated mechanisms by which T3 might promote remyelination in chronically demyelinated lesions using the cuprizone mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were fed cuprizone for 12 weeks to induce lesions with an impaired remyelination capacity...

The strong repair and pro-survival functions of neurotrophins at their primary receptors, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, have made them attractive candidates for treatment of nervous system injury and disease. However, difficulties with the clinical implementation of neurotrophin therapies have prompted the search for treatments that are stable, easier to deliver and allow more precise regulation of neurotrophin actions. Recently, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) has emerged as a potential target for pharmacological control of neurotrophin activity, supported in part by studies demonstrating 1) regulation of neural plasticity in the mature nervous system, 2) promotion of adult neurogenesis and 3) increased expression in neurons, macrophages, microglia, astrocytes and/or Schwann cells in response to injury and neurodegenerative diseases...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference between the clinical effects of nasotracheal suction (NTS) mechanical ventilation and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP) treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke (IS) induced by sleep apnea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients diagnosed with cerebral IS caused by sleep apnea from February 2013 to February 2014 were selected for this study from our hospital. After the approval of the hospital's Ethics Committee and patients' signed consent, the patients were randomly divided into a test group (n=29 cases) and a control group (n=24 cases)...

Long-term follow-up of infants born prematurely is necessary to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly with the expansion of interest from major disabilities to high prevalence/low severity dysfunctions. Models of pathogenesis include changes due to developmental disruptions and to injury, the magnitude and type of change influenced by the infant's age, and central nervous system recovery and reorganization. Alterations in neurogenesis, migration, myelination, cell death, and synaptogenesis occur even in the absence of insult...

Multiple studies in glaucoma patients and in animal models of spontaneous and experimentally-induced glaucoma, reported changes in the expression and activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the retina, optic nerve, aqueous humor, and trabecular meshwork. These data have led to the hypothesis that MMPs might be involved in glaucoma onset and/or disease progression. However, reports are conflicting and research aiming at providing a clear definition of their causative role is lacking. In glaucoma, MMPs are thought to act at two different levels...

BACKGROUND: Repetitive hypoxic preconditioning (RHP) creates an anti-inflammatory phenotype that protects from stroke-induced injury for months after a 2-week treatment. The mechanisms underlying long-term tolerance are unknown, though one exposure to hypoxia significantly increased peripheral B cell representation. For this study, we sought to determine if RHP specifically recruited B cells into the protected ischemic hemisphere, and whether RHP could phenotypically alter B cells prior to stroke onset...

BACKGROUND: Esophageal intubation is a widely utilized technique for a diverse array of physiological studies, activating a complex physiological response mediated, in part, by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In order to determine the optimal time period after intubation when physiological observations should be recorded, it is important to know the duration of, and factors that influence, this ANS response, in both health and disease. METHODS: Fifty healthy subjects (27 males, median age 31...

In the literature, the term fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome is used to refer to patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome with rapidly progressive and severe weakness and/or comatose state mimicking brain death. We present the case of a 53-year-old man with fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome with discrepancy in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system recovery. Our review of literature confirms that these patients often have good and relatively rapid recovery of central nervous system function, whereas peripheral nervous system function is relatively delayed and often incomplete...

The ability of the human organism to recover its autonomic balance soon after physical exercise cessation has an important impact on the individual's health status. Although the dynamics of heart rate recovery after maximal exercise has been studied, little is known about heart rate variability after this type of exercise. The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamics of heart rate and heart rate variability recovery after maximal exercise in healthy young men. Fifteen healthy male subjects (21·7 ± 3·4 years; 24·0 ± 2·1 kg m(-2) ) participated in the study...

Neurodegenerative disorders affect a significant portion of the world's population leading to either disability or death for almost 30 million individuals worldwide. One novel therapeutic target that may offer promise for multiple disease entities that involve Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, trauma, stroke, and tumors of the nervous system is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR signaling is dependent upon the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes that are composed of mTOR and several regulatory proteins including the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1, hamartin/TSC2, tuberin)...

The olfactory system is a useful model for studying central nervous system recovery from damage due to its neuroplasticity. We recently developed a novel method of deafferentation by repeated exposure of Triton X-100 to the olfactory organ of adult zebrafish. This long-term, reversible method of deafferentation allows both degeneration and regeneration to be observed in the olfactory bulb. The aim of the present study is to examine olfactory bulb innervation, glomerular patterns, and olfactory-mediated behavior with repeated Triton X-100 treatment and the potential for recovery following cessation of treatment...

This review provides an overview of selected aspects of peripheral nerve regeneration and potential avenues to explore therapeutically. The overall coordinated and orchestrated pattern of recovery from peripheral nerve injury has a beauty of execution and progress that rivals all other forms of neurobiology. It involves changes at the level of the perikaryon, coordination with important peripheral glial partners, the Schwann cells, a controlled inflammatory response, and growth that overcomes surprising intrinsic roadblocks...

OBJECTIVE: To compare temporal aspects of peripheral neural responses and central auditory perception between groups of younger adult and elderly cochlear implant users. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Academic hospital and cochlear implant center. PATIENTS: Adult cochlear implant users aged 28 to 57 years in the younger group (n = 5) and 61 to 89 years (n = 9) in the elderly group. All subjects used Advanced Bionics devices...

Cancer polyarthritis is a very rare condition. Here, we present a case of cancer polyarthritis, who also had mononeuritis simplex as a manifestation of paraneoplastic neuralgic syndrome. A 71-year-old man, who initially presented symmetrical polyarthritis and unilateral posterior interosseous nerve palsy, was subsequently diagnosed to have gastric cancer. Total gastrectomy was performed, and his polyarthritis and the palsy simultaneously disappeared within 2 weeks after the resection. His gastric cancer was found to be metastasized to his liver 16 months after the total gastrectomy; however, the polyarthritis and the palsy did not recurrent throughout his course...

This review examines cognitive, neurological, and neuroanatomical recovery associated with abstinence from volatile substance misuse (VSM). Articles describing functional or structural brain changes longitudinally or cross-sectional reports comparing current and abstinent users were identified and reviewed. A significant lack of empirical studies investigating central nervous system recovery following VSM was noted. The few case reports and group studies identified indicated that cognitive and neurological impairments appear to follow a progression of decline and progression of recovery model, with the severity of impairment related to the duration and severity of misuse, blood lead levels among leaded petrol misusers, and the duration of abstinence for recovery...

The peripheral nervous system is known to regenerate comparatively well and this ability is mirrored in the de novo expression or upregulation of a wide variety of molecules involved in axonal outgrowth starting with transcription factors, but also including growth-stimulating substances, guidance and cell adhesion molecules, intracellular signaling enzymes and proteins involved in regulating cell-surface cytoskeletal interactions. Recent studies using pharmacological agents, and global as well as neuron-selective gene inactivation techniques have shed light on those endogenous molecules that play a non-redundant role in mediating regenerative axonal outgrowth in vivo...

Heart rate variability (HRV) and parasympathetic power are closely related to the well-being and health status in humans. The main goal of the study was to determine whether these measures can reflect recovery status after weight training. After a 10-day detraining period, 7 weightlifters were challenged with a 2-hour weight training which elicited approximately fourfold increases in circulating muscle creatine kinase level and protracted pain feeling (p < 0.05). Weightlifting performance was then evaluated 3, 24, 48, and 72 hours after training to determine the degree of recovery from fatigue...