interstitial pneumonia

PURPOSE: Since February 2020, the world has been overwhelmed by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and several patients suffered interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, threatening the capability of healthcare systems to handle this amount of critical cases. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) possess potential immunomodulatory properties beneficial for COVID-19 patients, yet evidence supporting IVIG as adjunctive therapy remains sparse. This study evaluated the outcomes of adjunctive IVIG with the standard of care (SoC) in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients...

OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread rapidly and claimed millions of lives worldwide. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the major cause of COVID-19-associated deaths. Due to the limitations of current drugs, developing effective therapeutic options that can be used rapidly and safely in clinics for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is necessary. This study aims to investigate the effects of two food-extracted immunomodulatory agents, ajoene-enriched garlic extract (AGE) and cruciferous vegetables-extracted sulforaphane (SFN), on anti-inflammatory and immune responses in a SARS-CoV-2 acute lung injury mouse model...

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is common in females during middle age, presenting with fatigue and itching. In our case, an African-American male patient presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, fatigue, and lung manifestations such as interstitial lung disease, granulomatous lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension. In our case, the patient reported abdominal pain and fatigue with abnormal chest X-ray findings (bilateral pulmonic nodular lesion with calcifications), which mimicked silicosis/sarcoidosis lung findings such as bronchiectasis and parenchymal nodules...

The clinical data from 118 CTD patients with bronchiectasis were collected and categorized into two groups: pulmonary infection present (n = 67) and absent (n = 51), for comparative analysis of characteristics and risk factors. Then, we analyzed and compared their demographics, disease characteristics, and risk factors for infection. Among the whole cohort (n = 118), the incidence of pulmonary infections was 56.78%. The occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and vasculitis was found to be associated with an increased risk of pulmonary infection...

A 23-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a one-year history of muscle weakness and atrophy. He had noticed contractures of the fingers of both hands from the age of 18. Examination revealed a skin rash including heliotrope rash and Gottron's sign, joint contractures in the extremities, dysphagia, extensive muscle weakness and marked muscle atrophy. The serum creatine kinase level was 272 ‍IU/l and muscle biopsy showed typical perifascicular atrophy but little lymphocyte invasion. There was no interstitial pneumonia or malignancy, but muscle tendons showed elevated CT values suggesting calcification or fibrosis...

Background : There are only a few reports on the nutritional status and mortality of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). As such, this study aims to investigate the relationship between controlling nutritional status (CONUT) and the mortality of elderly patients with IPF. Methods : A total of 170 IPF patients aged ≥65 years old who visited the rehabilitation department of our hospital between July 2014 and July 2021 (mean age: 75.7 ± 6.3 years, sex (male/female): 138/32, %FVC: 78...

COVID-19 has been a challenging outbreak to face, with millions of deaths among the globe. Acute respiratory failure due to interstitial pneumonia was the leading cause of death other than prothrombotic activation and complications. Lung ultrasound (LUS) and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) are widely used not only to triage, to identify, and to monitor lungs involvement but also to assess hemodynamic status and thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, mainly in critically ill patients. POCUS has gained growing consideration due to its bedside utilization, reliability, and reproducibility even in emergency settings especially in unstable patients...

Lefamulin is a first-in-class systemic pleuromutilin antimicrobial and potent inhibitor of bacterial translation, and the most recent novel antimicrobial approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It exhibits potent antibacterial activity against the most prevalent bacterial pathogens that cause typical and atypical pneumonia and other infectious diseases. Early studies indicate additional anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we further investigated the immune-modulatory activity of lefamulin in the influenza A/H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model in BALB/c mice...

Scuellaria Root (SR, root of Scutellaria baicalensis), which has potent anti-inflammatory effects, is a component of useful Kampo formulae. Albeit a low frequency, SR induces serious interstitial pneumonia and liver dysfunction. In this study, to control the adverse effects of SR, we investigated the causal constituent responsible for its hepatocytotoxicity and aimed to develop a method to control it. As a result, we revealed that the hepatocytotoxicity of SR was correlated with its baicalin content, a major constituent in SR...

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia. It has similar clinical symptoms to "Fei Bi" and "Fei Wei" as described in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) classic Jingui Yaolue written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty. This study explored the potential of Maimendong Decoction (MMDD). MMDD consists of Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f) ( ophiopogonis ), Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. ( pinellia ), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. ( ginseng ), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary abscess is a severe infection commonly seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial pneumonia, immune deficiency disease, drug-induced immunocompromised state, and congenital pulmonary disease. The treatment strategy in pregnant women with a pulmonary abscess is considered challenging since adverse effects on the fetus must be avoided to ensure safe delivery. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old female patient at 24 weeks of gestation (G2P1) was admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology due to sudden right chest pain...

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by alveolar edema that can progress to septal fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation can augment lung injury, termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a mediator of fibrosis, is increased in ARDS patients. Blocking CTGF inhibits fibrosis and possibly vascular leakage. This study investigated whether neutralizing CTGF reduces pulmonary edema in VILI. METHODS: Following LPS administration, rats were mechanically ventilated for 6 h with low (6 mL/kg; low VT ) or moderate (10 mL/kg; mod VT ) tidal volume and treated with a neutralizing CTGF antibody (FG-3154) or placebo lgG (vehicle)...

Air leak syndrome (ALS) is described in human medicine as a constellation of clinical disorders including pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema. The pathogenesis of ALS depends on the anatomy of the mediastinum and its associations with thoracic, abdominal and cervical connective tissues, as well as a physical phenomenon referred to as the Macklin effect. Various animal species develop diverse combinations of these lesions, although ALS has not been recognized in animals...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, severity and prognosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on clinical data of MCTD patients admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital between October 2012 and October 2022. Data including long-term follow-up were retrieved from medical records. We compared MCTD patients with and without ILD in terms of clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings, severity and treatment response...

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BACKGROUND: Recent guidelines discourage the use of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted therapies in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with respiratory diseases. Therefore, stratifications of the effectiveness of PAH-targeted therapies are important for this group. OBJECTIVES: The authors aimed to identify phenotypes that might benefit from initial PAH-targeted therapies in patients with PH associated with interstitial pneumonia and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema...

Interstitial pneumonia is the most common and serious secondary lesion of dermatomyositis. In some cases, patients may develop severe acute pneumonia that can quickly progress to respiratory failure, resulting in high mortality rates. A 57-year-old woman with dermatomyositis and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis experienced severe hypoxemia due to pulmonary infection. Despite receiving various treatments after entering the intensive care unit (ICU), such as anti-infection therapy, lung recruitment, prone position ventilation, sedative and muscle relaxation, the patient's oxygen saturation continued to decline...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to classify idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients with cardiac involvement (IIM-CI) into different categories based on their clinical phenotypes via cluster analysis and to explore their differences in outcomes. METHODS: IIM-CI patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2015 to June 2021 were retrieved. The clinical data, laboratory examinations, and treatment were retrospectively reviewed, and the outcome was traced...

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic fungal infection that, in immunocompromised patients, can progress to respiratory failure and death. Since trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) chemoprophylaxis has become a standard management, the prognosis has improved. However, there are patients with a history of TMP/SMX intolerance who cannot receive chemoprophylaxis. BACKGROUND: We report on a 53-year-old male liver recipient treated with a standard triple immunosuppressive regimen in whom TMP/SMX was waived because of a history of allergy manifested as a generalized rash with edema more than 30 years ago...

BACKGROUND: Different types of inflammatory processes and fibrosis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD), a heterogeneous, diffuse, parenchymal lung disease. Acute exacerbation (AE) of ILD is characterized by significant respiratory deterioration and is associated with high mortality rates. Several serum oncomarkers have been used to determine the prognosis of ILD; however, the prognostic value of serum oncomarker levels in patients with AE-ILD remains unclear...