pseudomonas keratitis

Infectious keratitis is a significant global problem that can lead to corneal blindness and visual impairments. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of infectious bacterial and fungal keratitis, identify the causative pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns, and analyze the risk factors associated with the development of infectious keratitis. The study was observational and retrospective, involving 226 eyes from 223 patients presented at the Ophthalmology Clinic of the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Romania...

The research investigates the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a pathogen known for its ability to cause human infections by releasing various exoenzymes and virulence factors. Particularly relevant in ocular infections, where tissue degeneration can occur, even after bacterial growth has ceased due to the potential role of secreted proteins/enzymes. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, both ocular (146) and non-ocular (54), were examined to determine the frequency and mechanism of virulence factors...

INTRODUCTION: Infectious keratitis, an inflammatory condition of the cornea, poses a significant public health concern globally. Bacterial keratitis, the most common type, primarily involves Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report presents a 78-year-old male patient with a burning sensation persisting for 1 week. The patient was diagnosed with keratitis caused by Arthrobacter, a Gram-positive coccobacillus commonly found in the environment...

This 32-centre multicentre study addresses the lack of knowledge about the prevalence and significance of microbial keratitis (MK) associated with contact lens (CL) wear in Spain. A total of 304 cases recruited from 32 hospitals were studied and showed that infectious keratitis associated with contact lens wear mainly affects young women during the summer months. In this study, soft lenses with monthly replacement and single solution cleaning were most commonly used, purchased and fitted in opticians' shops...

Bacterial keratitis (BK) causes visual morbidity/blindness if not treated effectively. Here, ciprofloxacin (CIP)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using glycol chitosan (GC) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) conjugate at three different ratios (CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1,5,15)) were fabricated. CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1) were more effective than other tested ratios, indicating the importance of optimal hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance for corneal penetration and preventing bacterial invasion. The CIP@GC(PLA) (NPs) (1:1) realized the highest association with human corneal epithelial cells, which were nonirritant to the hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM test) and demonstrated significant antibacterial response in the in vitro minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, live-dead cells, zone of inhibition, and biofilm inhibition assays against the keratitis-inducing pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa ...

PURPOSE: To test cefiderocol, a siderophore-cephalosporin antibiotic for topical monotherapy treatment of experimental extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. DESIGN: Preclinical study. SUBJECTS AND CONTROLS: Deidentified P. aeruginosa keratitis isolates, XDR P. aeruginosa from eye drop outbreak, rabbits, saline, cefiderocol 50 mg/ml, ciprofloxacin 0.3%, and tobramycin 14 mg/ml. METHODS INTERVENTION OR TESTING: Cefiderocol antibacterial activity against P...

Bacterial corneal keratitis is a damage to the corneal tissue that if not treated, can cause various complications like severe vision loss or even blindness. Combination therapy with two antibiotics which are effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria offers sufficient broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage for the treatment of keratitis. Nanofibers can be a potential carrier in dual drug delivery due to their structural characteristics, specific surface area and high porosity. In order to achieve a sustained delivery of amikacin (AMK) and vancomycin (VAN), the current study designed, assessed, and compared nanofibrous inserts utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) as biocompatible polymers...

PURPOSE: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat, compounded by the reduction in the discovery of new antibiotics. A repurposed drugs-based approach could provide a viable alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. In this study, we sought to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of a novel drug combination, polymyxin B/trimethoprim (PT) + rifampin on MDR isolates from patients with bacterial keratitis in India. METHODS: Forty-three isolates, which included 20 Staphylococcus aureus, 19 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 3 Pseudomonas stutzeri, and 1 Acinetobacter baumannii, were evaluated for their antibiotic resistance by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, distribution of isolates, prevailing patterns, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a Tertiary Referral Hospital located in Southwest China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 660 cases of bacterial keratitis occurring between January 2015 and December 2022. The demographic data, predisposing factors, microbial findings, and antibiotic sensitivity profiles were examined...

IMPORTANCE: Evaluation of the microbiological diagnostic profile of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis and potential management with rose bengal-photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (RB-PDAT) is important. OBJECTIVE: To document the disease progression of carbapenemase-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis after an artificial tear contamination outbreak. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective observation case series included 9 patients 40 years or older who presented at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and had positive test results for multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis between January 1, 2022, and October 31, 2023...

Acanthamoeba , a free-living amoeba in water and soil, is an emerging pathogen causing severe eye infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis. In its natural environment, Acanthamoeba performs a dual function as an environmental heterotrophic predator and host for a range of microorganisms that resist digestion. Our objective was to characterize the intracellular microorganisms of phylogenetically distinct Acanthamoeba spp. isolated in Australia and India through directly sequencing 16S rRNA amplicons from the amoebae...

Pseudomonas keratitis is an aggressive form of bacterial keratitis that can have devastating consequences, such as corneal perforation, if not promptly identified and appropriately managed. The aim of this case report is to highlight key clinical features of Pseudomonas keratitis and evaluate the initial and long-term management options for this condition. We report a case of a 32-year-old female who presented with a large corneal abscess and hypopyon following contact lens wear. Corneal cultures confirmed Pseudomonas as the causative organism and she was treated with topical levofloxacin and gentamycin...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat with significant impact on treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization's Global Action Plan on AMR recommended strengthening the evidence base through surveillance programs and research. Comprehensive, timely data on AMR for organisms isolated from ocular infections are needed to guide treatment decisions and inform researchers and microbiologists of emerging trends. This article aims to provide an update on the development of AMR in ocular organisms, AMR in bacterial ocular infections and on AMR stewardship programs globally...

PURPOSE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis is one of the most severe and challenging forms of corneal infection, owing to its associated intense inflammatory reactions leading to corneal necrosis and dense corneal scar with loss of vision. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are reported to possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, they can be tested as an adjuvant treatment along with the antibiotics which are the current standard of care. This study aims to investigate the anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory roles of human bone marrow MSC-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in P...

The increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics in recent years demands innovative strategies for the detection and combating of biofilms, which are notoriously resilient. Biofilms, particularly those on contact lenses, can lead to biofilm-related infections (e.g., conjunctivitis and keratitis), posing a significant risk to patients. Non-destructive and non-contact sensing techniques are essential in addressing this threat. Digital holographic tomography emerges as a promising solution. This allows for the 3D reconstruction of the refractive index distribution in biological samples, enabling label-free visualization and the quantitative analysis of biofilms...

PURPOSE: Bacterial keratitis (BK) is a serious ocular infection that can cause severe inflammation and corneal scarring, leading to vision loss. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of BK. METHODS: Transcriptome analysis was performed to evaluate ferroptosis-related gene expression in human BK corneas. Subsequently, the ferroptosis in mouse models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis and corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs) were validated...

Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is an intra-ocular infection that can rapidly progress to irreversible loss of vision. While most endophthalmitis isolates are susceptible to antibiotic therapy, the emergence of resistant bacteria necessitates alternative approaches to combat intraocular bacterial proliferation. In this study the ability of predatory bacteria to limit intraocular growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Serratia marcescens , and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated in a New Zealand white rabbit endophthalmitis prevention model...

BACKGROUND: Ocular infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens can result in partial or complete vision loss. The development of pan-resistant microbial strains poses a significant challenge for clinicians as there are limited antimicrobial options available. Synthetic peptoids, which are sequence-specific oligo-N-substituted glycines, offer potential as alternative antimicrobial agents to target multidrug-resistant bacteria. METHODS: The antimicrobial activity of synthesised peptoids against multidrug-resistant (MDR) ocular pathogens was evaluated using the microbroth dilution method...

Here, we report the genome sequence of an extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with a keratitis outbreak. This isolate was from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and originates from a cornea. This sequence will facilitate studies of extensively drug resistant bacteria.

Free-living amoebae belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba are microorganisms that live in air, soil and aquatic environments. In humans, they cause infections such as amoebic keratitis, graulamotous amoebic encephalitis that are difficult to treat and can be fatal. In addition, it is known that they contribute to the replication of bacteria and increase their pathogenicity by being a host for various bacteria. However, information on its inhibitory properties against bacteria and its production of antimicrobial agents is very limited...