vitamine A Neonates

Gut-draining mesenteric and celiac lymph nodes (mLNs and celLNs) critically contribute to peripheral tolerance toward food and microbial antigens by supporting the de novo induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). These tolerogenic properties of mLNs and celLNs are stably imprinted within stromal cells (SCs) by microbial signals and vitamin A (VA), respectively. Here, we report that a single, transient gastrointestinal infection in the neonatal, but not adult, period durably abrogates the efficient Treg-inducing capacity of celLNs by altering the subset composition and gene expression profile of celLNSCs...

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study compared PIVKA-II and PT-INR levels in infants who received two vitamin K (VK) prophylactic regimens. METHODS: A single institution administered 119 healthy newborns 2 mg of VK syrup. Infants were assigned to a 3-time regimen (n = 56) with VK at birth, five days (5D), and 1-month-old (1 M), or a 13-time regimen (n = 63) with VK at birth, 5D, and then weekly for 11 weeks. RESULTS: The 13-time regimen significantly lowered PIVKA-II and reduced PT-INR at 1 M in both breastfed (PIVKA-II: 18-16 mAU/mL, p = 0...

The neonatal period for dairy calves is crucial for immune, metabolic, and physical development, which opens a window of disease susceptibility. Although the industry has relied on tools such as colostrum and vaccination to support early life immunity, there are several challenges when vaccinating neonatal calves: (1) the inability to mount an effective immune response, (2) interference with maternal antibodies, and (3) oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress, which is characterized as an imbalance of pro-oxidants to antioxidants, results in cellular oxidative damage or dysfunction, or both...

To examine the effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement to beef heifers throughout gestation on mineral status and hormone/endocrine profiles in the dam and calf, and morphometric characteristics and organ mass of the calf at 30 h after birth, Angus-based heifers (n = 72, 14 to 15 months of age, initial body weight [BW] = 380.4 ± 50.56 kg) were estrus synchronized and artificially inseminated (AI) with female-sexed semen. Heifers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to receive either a basal diet (CON; n = 36) or a basal diet plus a vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM; n = 36) via an individual feeding system beginning at breeding, with both diets targeting BW gains of 0...

INTRODUCTION: 24-Hydroxylase, encoded by the CYP24A1 gene, is a crucial enzyme involved in the catabolism of vitamin D. Loss-of-function mutations in CYP24A1 result in PTH-independent hypercalcaemia with high levels of 1,25(OH)2 D3 . The variety of clinical manifestations depends on age, and underlying genetic predisposition mutations can lead to fatal infantile hypercalcaemia among neonates, whereas adult symptoms are usually mild. AIM OF THE STUDY: We report a rare case of an adult with primary hyperparathyroidism and loss-of-function mutations in the CYP24A1 gene and a review of similar cases...

Worldwide vitamin D insufficiency is remarkably prevalent in both children and adults, including pregnant women. The total amount of the vitamin is best measured by 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), which is a measurement of total serum cholecalciferol 25(OH)D3 and ergocalciferol 25(OH)D2. There is a known correlation between maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) 25(OH)D; however, whether specific maternal demographics or comorbidities influence the correlation remains uncertain. This prospective observational study was designed to study if maternal 25(OH)D levels, maternal age and BMI, amount of supplementation, mode of delivery, diabetes, hypertension/preeclampsia, or sunlight exposure had an impact on the correlation...

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic bone disease of premature infants is a rare complication characterized by a lower mineral content in bone tissue. OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence of metabolic bone disease in premature infants and to determine associated risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We conducted a descriptive prospective cohort study for one year in all newborns under 32 gestational weeks, or 1,500 g, at the Hospital Universitario de Santander to determine the incidence of metabolic bone disease...

OBJECTIVES: We examined the effectiveness of combining Vitamin D supplementation with calcium on maternal and neonatal outcomes, as opposed to using Vitamin D supplements alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant women in their third trimester were divided into two groups. The control group received a daily dose of 1000 IU of Vitamin D, but, the experimental group received a combined daily dosage of 1000 IU of Vitamin D and 500 mg of calcium, until delivery. RESULTS: The women in the Vitamin D + calcium group were less likely to develop gestational diabetes (2...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A plays a key role in lung development, but there is no consensus regarding the optimal vitamin A dose and administration route in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. We aimed to assess whether early postnatal additional high-dose fat-soluble enteral vitamin A supplementation versus placebo would lower the rate of moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death in ELBW infants receiving recommended basic enteral vitamin A supplementation. METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated phase 3 trial conducted at 29 neonatal intensive care units in Austria and Germany assessed early high-dose enteral vitamin A supplementation (5000 international units [IU]/kg per day) or placebo (peanut oil) for 28 days in ELBW infants...

INTRODUCTION: Sufficient levels of vitamin D have been associated with higher chances for both clinical pregnancy and live birth among women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques, whereas low levels of maternal vitamin D have been associated with preeclampsia and late miscarriage. In Denmark, subgroups at risk for low vitamin D levels, including neonates and toddlers, are recommended to use supplementation. The aim was to study the level of vitamin D3 among neonates born after in vitro fertilization compared with neonates from the general population...

INTRODUCTION: The importance of micronutrient intake during the preconceptional and early pregnancy period for both maternal and fetal outcomes is well-known, however, relevant data are not available for Greek pregnant women. The aim of the present study is to delineate the nutritional status preceding conception among a representative cohort of Greek pregnant women. METHODS: This was a prospective study of pregnant women from routine care, recruited at 11+0 -13+6 gestational weeks, between December 2020 and October 2022, at the 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece...

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) has a multifactorial etiology. Vitamin E and vitamin D play an important role in lung development and can potentially be beneficial in the prevention of BPD. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the risk of BPD occurrence in preterm neonates supplemented with vitamin D or E versus those who did not get supplementation. METHODS: The literature search was conducted for this systematic review by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to December 2022...

To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a great clinical challenge worldwide, and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs are limited. For this reason, nutritional supplements have been investigated as adjuvant therapeutic approaches in disease management. Among such supplements, vitamin D has gained great interest, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions both in adult and pediatric populations. Even if there is conflicting evidence about its prevention and/or mitigation effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2 infection, several studies demonstrated a strict correlation between hypovitaminosis D and disease severity in acute COVID-19 and MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children)...

Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone and mineral metabolism. There is increased interest in understanding prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy as many studies report association of low vitamin D levels with obstetric complications and neonatal sequelae. There is a paucity of studies in Singapore evaluating levels of vitamin D levels during the first trimester of pregnancies. We aim to study the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in this population. Our study assessed vitamin D levels in these women...

INTRODUCTION: The impact that vitamin D (vit D) has on a variety of medical conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular, oncological, and central nervous system disorders has been a topic of interest for many years now. It is well-known that vit D deficiency is substantially more common in epileptics than in healthy subjects. The current research was piloted to analyse the vit D levels of the blood in newborns with seizures, as well as mothers' vit D status included subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional examination was piloted at a tertiary care center, which had a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)...

BACKGROUND: Early skin-to-skin contact (SSC) at birth has been shown to improve neonatal outcomes due to enhanced cardiorespiratory stability, thermoregulation and breastfeeding success. LOCAL PROBLEM: The practice of early SSC was virtually non-existent in our delivery room (DR). METHODS AND INTERVENTIONS: The study was conducted in a newly established tertiary care teaching hospital in Western Rajasthan, India. We aimed to improve the median duration of early SSC from 0 min to at least 60 min over 24 weeks in our DR...

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) results in part from excess reactive oxygen species and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation (i.e. ferroptosis). The vitamin D precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) may inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Primary neurons underwent oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) injury and treatment with 7-DHC-elevating medications such as cariprazine (CAR) or vehicle. Postnatal day 9 mice underwent sham surgery or carotid artery ligation and hypoxia and received intraperitoneal CAR...

The current German newborn screening (NBS) panel includes 13 inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs). In addition, a NBS pilot study in Southwest Germany identifies individuals with propionic acidemia (PA), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), combined and isolated remethylation disorders (e.g., cobalamin [cbl] C and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] deficiency), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency, and neonatal cbl deficiency through one multiple-tier algorithm. The long-term health benefits of screened individuals are evaluated in a multicenter observational study...

BACKGROUND: The effect of vitamin E supplementation on bilirubin levels in infants was previously explored, but the results were inconclusive. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of vitamin E supplementation on bilirubin levels in term infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: This interventional double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Sanandaj Besat Hospital NICU. Enrolled newborns were between 37 and 42 weeks and 6 days of gestation and required phototherapy according to American Academy of Pediatrics clinical guidelines...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to collect data on complementary feeding (CF) in preterm infants (PIs). METHODS: We enrolled PI ≤ 34 weeks of gestational age discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the University Hospital of Padova. At 12 months of corrected age (CA), CF was investigated with questionnaires to the parents and a 24-h dietary recall. In a subgroup of newborns, we also evaluated bone status at a CA of 12 months using quantitative ultrasound...