american journal of physiology

OBJECTIVES: To determine if the integrated pulmonary index detects changes in ventilation status early in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation, and to determine the risk factors affecting hypoxia. METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at the endoscopy unit of a tertiary university hospital in Turkey and comprised data between October 2018 and December 2019 related to patients of either gender aged >18 years who were assessed as American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade I-III and underwent elective lower and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy...

With an increase in number of patients on antithrombotic therapies, management of bleeding during dermatologic surgery is increasingly important. As described in Part 1, perioperative discontinuation of antithrombotic therapies may increase the risk of embolic events thus the risks and benefits must be weighed carefully when deciding whether to continue or suspend therapy. However, continuing oral anticoagulants may result in increased intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. Here we describe various methods to effectively achieve hemostasis which include: 1) mechanical methods to compress the vasculature 2) pharmacologic agents that induce vasoconstriction 3) physiologic agents that augment clot formation and 4) physical agents that promote platelet aggregation...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Lipids are currently known to play an important role in bone metabolism. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on osteoporotic fractures beyond its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This was a retrospective, observational study that used data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort database. PATIENT SAMPLE: This study included 318,237 participants who were 50 years or older and with HDL-C levels of 10 to 200 mg/dL...

BACKGROUND: Ultra-processed foods (UPF) and poor diet quality have been associated with frailty but existing studies had relatively short follow-up time. It is also unclear if the association of UPF was primarily due to its correlation with poorer diet quality. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between unprocessed/minimally processed foods (UMF) and UPF and risk of frailty, and explored if the association with UPF was mainly driven by poor diet quality. METHODS: 63,743 non-frail females aged 60+ from the Nurses' Health Study (cohort study) were followed for up to 26 years...

Perigonadal adipose tissue is a homogeneous white adipose tissue (WAT) in adult male mice, without any brown adipose tissue (BAT) present. However, there are congenital differences in the gonads between male and female mice. Whether heterogeneity existed in perigonadal ATs in female mice remains unknown. This study reported a perigonadal BAT located between abdominal lymph nodes and uterine cervix in female mice, termed lymph node-cervical adipose tissue (LNCAT). Its counterpart, lymph node-prostatic adipose tissue (LNPAT), exhibited white phenotype in adult virgin male mice...

The Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator interacting protein 1-like (RPGRIP1L) gene encodes an important protein that performs various physiological functions. Variants of RPGRIP1L are related to a number of diseases. However, it is currently unknown whether RPGRIP1L is correlated with breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA). In BRCA tissue specimens, the expression of RPGRIP1L was found to be elevated in comparison to its levels in normal breast tissue. A notable decline in survival rates was associated with patients exhibiting heightened RPGRIP1L gene expression...

OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by persistent widespread pain which greatly impacts the quality of life (QOL). Pain not only limits patients' daily activities but also restricts their social activities further leading to depression, anxiety, and stress. The present cross-sectional study elucidated the association of sleep quality and mood with increasing symptom severity of fibromyalgia and its impact on the QOL of fibromyalgia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hundred adult fibromyalgia patients diagnosed by the American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria were evaluated for: sleep - using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, QOL by SF-36, pain-visual analog scales (VASs) and global pain scale (GPS), mood-depression, anxiety, stress scale-21, somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression - by patients health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales (PHQ-SADS), and FMS severity was evaluated using fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR)...

Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the lumbosacral junction (SPL) is a spinal injury rarely seen in current practice. Few cases are reported in the literature. It arises from complex trauma of high-energy mechanisms. We discussed the case of a young patient. He is 24 years old without notable pathological history victim of a traffic road accident. Clinically, he has no sensory or motor deficit, it is a spinal trauma classified American spinal injury association E (ASIA E) with severe back pain. A whole-body CT scan performed on admission showed a grade 2 L5-S1 SPL...

The recent World Health Organization (WHO) guideline aims to provide evidence-based recommendations on complementary feeding (CF) of healthy term infants and young children 6-23 months living in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, including both breastfed and non-breastfed children. Like WHO, our organizations aim to promote optimal infant and young child nutrition and health, with a focus on promoting breastfeeding as well as appropriate and timely CF. In this paper, we share our concerns about aspects of the guideline, some of which may have the potential to cause unintended harm in infants and young children and suggest alternative or modified proposals...

Selective RNA delivery is required for the broad implementation of RNA clinical applications, including prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations, immunotherapies for cancer, and genome editing. Current polyanion delivery relies heavily on cationic amines, while cationic guanidinium systems have received limited attention due in part to their strong polyanion association, which impedes intracellular polyanion release. Here, we disclose a general solution to this problem in which cationic guanidinium groups are used to form stable RNA complexes upon formulation but at physiological pH undergo a novel charge-neutralization process, resulting in RNA release...

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: To familiarize clinicians with the emerging concepts in critical care research of Bayesian thinking and personalized medicine through phenotyping and explain their clinical relevance by highlighting how they address the issues of frequent negative trials and heterogeneity of treatment effect...

Signal transduction by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and immunoreceptors converge at the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) for the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ) into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG). This is a point for second-messenger bifurcation where DAG via protein kinase C (PKC) and IP3 via calcium activate distinct protein targets and regulate cellular functions. IP3 signaling is regulated by multiple calcium influx and efflux proteins involved in calcium homeostasis...

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory reaction of the pancreatic tissue, which involves auto-digestion, oedema, haemorrhage, and necrosis. AP can be categorized into mild, moderately severe and severe AP, with severe pancreatitis also referred to as acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). ANP is characterized by the accumulation of necrotic material in the peritoneal cavity. This can result in intestinal injury. However, the mechanism of ANP-associated intestinal injury remains unclear. We established an ANP-associated intestinal injury rat model (ANP-IR model) by injecting pancreatitis-associated ascites fluid (PAAF) and necrotic pancreatic tissue at various proportions into the triangular area formed by the left renal artery and ureter...

Endothelial and epithelial barrier dysfunction due to increased permeability and heightened inflammatory reactions influences the emergence of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nevertheless, bibliometric research comparing endothelial and epithelial barriers is limited. Therefore, this bibliometric study analyzed the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of the Science Citation Index Expanded literature to explore present research priorities and development tendencies within this field...

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BACKGROUND: Low-income households often experience a cyclic pattern in food availability, with acute food shortages at month end. Variations in the monthly feeding of infant formula are understudied. OBJECTIVE: To compare the amount and frequency of formula consumed at the beginning and end of the monthly WIC assistance cycle and test associations with total energy intake and other feeding practices among 7-11-month-old infants. METHODS: The study was conducted between May 2020 and April 2021 in the southeastern U...

During the process of decidualization, the stromal cells of the endometrium change dynamically to create a favorable environment for embryo implantation. Lysosome activity has often been associated with physiological changes in the endometrium during the pre-implantation period and early pregnancy. In this study, the effect of para-nonylphenol (p-NP), an endocrine disruptor, on human immortalized endometrial stromal cells (tHESCs) was investigated. After exposure to p-NP (1 nM and 1 pM), the cells were examined for the decidualization markers Connexin-43, insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and Prolactin...

Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is an indicator of cell death, inflammation, and oxidative stress. ccf-mtDNA differs in pregnancies with placental dysfunction from healthy pregnancies and the direction of this difference depends on gestational age and method of mtDNA quantification. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger release of mtDNA from non-placental cells; yet it is unknown whether trophoblast cells release mtDNA in response to oxidative stress, a common feature of pregnancies with placental pathology...

Activation of incretin receptors by their cognate agonists augments sustained cAMP generation both from the plasma membrane as well as from the endosome. To address the functional outcome of this spatiotemporal signaling, we developed a non-acylated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor dual agonist I-M-150847 that reduced receptor internalization following activation of the incretin receptors. The incretin receptor dual agonist I-M-150847 was developed by replacing the tryptophan cage of exendin-4 tyrosine substituted at the amino terminus with the C-terminal undecapeptide sequence of oxyntomodulin that placed lysine 30 of I-M-150847 in frame with the corresponding lysine residue of GIP...

Obesity is a major public health issue due to its association with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risks. The BBSome, a complex of 8 conserved Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) proteins, has emerged as a key regulator of energy and glucose homeostasis as well as cardiovascular function. However, the importance of adipocyte BBSome in controlling these physiological processes is not clear. Here, we show that adipocyte-specific constitutive disruption of the BBSome through selective deletion of the Bbs1 gene (AdipoCre /Bbs1fl/fl mice) does not affect body weight under normal chow or high fat & high sucrose diet (HFHSD)...