Limb

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may affect movement even years after surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine possible interlimb asymmetries due to ACLR when running on a treadmill and in field conditions, with the aim of contributing to the establishment of objective movement assessment in real-world settings; moreover, we aimed to gain knowledge on recovered ACLR as a biomechanical risk factor. Eight subjects with a history of unilateral ACLR 5.4 ± 2.8 years after surgery and eight healthy subjects ran 1 km on a treadmill and 1 km on a concrete track...

BACKGROUND: Dentists, including endodontists, frequently experience musculoskeletal disorders due to unfavourable working postures. Several measures are known to reduce the ergonomic risk; however, there are still gaps in the research, particularly in relation to dental work in the different oral regions (Quadrants 1-4). METHODS: In this study (of a pilot character), a total of 15 dentists (8 male and 7 female) specialising in endodontics were measured while performing root canal treatments on a phantom head...

BACKGROUND: Accurate measurements of limb volumes are important for clinical reasons. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of two centimetric and two optoelectronic techniques for limb volume measurements against water volumetry, defined as the gold standard. METHODS: Five different measurement methods were executed on the same day for each participant, namely water displacement, fixed-height (circumferences measured every 5 (10) cm for the upper (lower limb) centimetric technique, segmental centimetric technique (circumferences measured according to proportional height), optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP, based on a motion analysis system), and IGOODI Gate body scanner technology (which creates an accurate 3D avatar)...

Traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is frequently observed in Service Members following combat-related trauma. Estimates suggest that ~65% of wounded warriors who suffer limb loss or major extremity trauma will experience some type of HO formation. The development of HO delays rehabilitation and can prevent the use of a prosthetic. To date there are limited data to suggest a standard mechanism for preventing HO. This may be due to inadequate animal models not producing a similar bone structure as human HO...

BACKGROUND: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common hip disease during infancy and adolescence. Our study aimed to analyze static plantar pressure in children with surgically treated unilateral SCFE. METHODS: Twenty-two children with right SCFE with in situ fixation with one percutaneous screw were assessed by PoData plantar pressure analysis under three different conditions (open eyes, eyes closed, and head retroflexed). RESULTS: The total foot loading was significantly higher on the unaffected limb compared with the affected one for all the three testing conditions ( p < 0...

This case report sheds light on the management of skeletal deformity in a young child with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), emphasizing the significance of a timely orthotic intervention alongside pharmacological treatment, which is a strategy not frequently highlighted in the XLH literature. The patient, a 2-year-and-7-month-old female, presented with classic XLH symptoms, including short stature, pronounced genu varum, and hypophosphatemia, with deformities observed in both the coronal and sagittal planes of the femur and tibia...

Hypothyroid myopathy is uncommon in childhood. Severe hypothyroid myopathy observed in paediatric practice is a part of Kocher-Debré-Semelaigne syndrome (KDSS, OR-PHA:2349), a rare disorder characterised by muscular pseudohypertrophy and long-standing moderate-to-severe hypothyroidism. We present a pubertal girl with KDSS diagnosed with severe myopathy and significantly limited mobility and progressively increasing pains in the lumbar area, hip joints, and the lower limbs. Additionally, the patient presented metabolic syndrome with severe obesity, growth retardation, and educational difficulties...

This study aimed to examine the temporal dynamics of muscle-tendon adaptation and whether differences between their sensitivity to mechano-metabolic stimuli would lead to non-uniform changes within the triceps surae (TS) muscle-tendon unit (MTU). Twelve young adults completed a 12-week training intervention of unilateral isometric cyclic plantarflexion contractions at 80% of maximal voluntary contraction until failure to induce a high TS activity and hence metabolic stress. Each participant trained one limb at a short (plantarflexed position, 115°: PF) and the other at a long (dorsiflexed position, 85°: DF) MTU length to vary the mechanical load...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of hemiparetic limb dysfunction reaches 85% in stroke patients, emerging as a critical factor influencing their daily lives. However, the effectiveness of current rehabilitation treatments is considerably limited, particularly in patients with upper extremity impairment. This study aims to conduct a prospective clinical trial to validate the safety and effectiveness of gamma oscillations induced by 40-Hz visual-auditory stimulation in treating post-stroke upper limb dysfunction and to explore the relevant mechanisms...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) accounts for about 1% of all tuberculosis cases and about 5% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. However, it poses major importance because approximately half of those affected die or become severely disabled. Herein, the successful treatment of an 11-month-old boy with progressive limb weakness, fever, developmental retardation, and loss of consciousness due to tuberculosis, was reported. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-month-old (Iranian Turk) boy was referred to Loghman Hakim hospital for progressive limb weakness and loss of previously attained developmental milestones for the past 2 months...

INTRODUCTION: Between 2019-2021, facing public concern, a scientific expert committee (SEC) reanalysed suspected clusters of transverse upper limb reduction defects (TULRD) in three administrative areas in France, where initial investigations had not identified any risk exposure. We share here the national approach we developed for managing suspicious clusters of the same group of congenital anomalies occurring in several areas. METHODS: The SEC analysed the medical records of TURLD suspected cases and performed spatiotemporal analyses on confirmed cases...

BACKGROUND: Female athletes are four to six times more likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than male athletes. Jump-landing biomechanics are influenced by maturation, with post-pubertal female athletes at a heightened risk of ACL injuries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our systematic review was to identify and summarise the current evidence regarding the changes in kinematic and kinetic risk factors associated with ACL injuries during jump-landing tasks in female athletes at various stages of maturity...

Adherence rates to current twice-weekly strength training guidelines are poor among older adults. Eccentric-only training elicits substantial improvements in muscle function/size so the aim of this study was to compare the effects of once- versus twice-weekly eccentric training programmes on muscle function/size in older adults. Thirty-six participants (69.4 ± 6.0 yr) were randomised into non-active control, once-, or twice-weekly training groups. Lower-limb muscle power, strength, and size were assessed at baseline, mid-, and post-eccentric training...

For patients with upper limb melanoma, the significance of specific death is more important than that of all-cause death, and traditional survival analysis may overestimate the mortality rate of patients. Therefore, the nomogram model for predicting the specific mortality risk of melanoma in the upper limbs was developed. A population with melanoma in the upper limbs, diagnosed from 2010 to 2015, were selected from the National Cancer Institute database of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)...

The disuse of skeletal limb muscles occurs in a variety of conditions, yet our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in adaptation to disuse remains incomplete. We studied the mechanical characteristics of actin-myosin interaction using an in vitro motility assay and isoform composition of myosin heavy and light chains by dint of SDS-PAGE in soleus muscle of both control and hindlimb-unloaded rats. 14 days of hindlimb unloading led to the increased maximum sliding velocity of actin, reconstituted, and native thin filaments over rat soleus muscle myosin by 24 %, 19 %, and 20 %, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Lower extremity amputation continues to be necessary in a significant number of patients with peripheral vascular disease. The 5 year survival following lower limb loss is markedly reduced. Many of these patients are never fitted with a prosthesis and there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the barriers to prosthetic attainment. The goal of this study was to identify the risk factors for not receiving a prosthesis and the effect of mobility level on survival following major amputation...

OBJECTIVE:  To report the use of a Lateral Epicondylar Anatomical Plate for the management of humeral condylar fractures (HCF) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN:  Medical records of dogs with HCF stabilized using the Lateral Epicondylar Anatomical Plate at six UK veterinary referral centres between April 2018 and February 2021 were reviewed. Long-term follow-up (>6 months) was obtained via owner questionnaire, which incorporated the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs clinical metrology instrument...

IMPORTANCE: Most patients use a traditional socket prosthesis (TSP) to ambulate independently following transtibial amputation. However, these patients generally require prosthesis repairs more than twice annually and an entirely new prosthesis every two years. Furthermore, transtibial amputation patients have four times the skin ulceration rate of transfemoral patients, prompting more frequent prosthesis refitting and diminished use. Trans-Tibial osseointegration (TTOI) is a promising technique to address the limitations of TSP, but remains understudied with only four cohorts totaling 41 total procedures reported previously...

INTRODUCTION: Neural fibrolipoma, also known as fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH), is a rare benign tumor that usually affects the upper limb and tends to develop near the n. median. FLH is a rare birth defect defined by the noncancerous growth of fibroadipose tissue around nerve bundles. These conditions are associated with abnormal bone growth, resulting in macrodactyly in about one-third of cases. The illness is medically referred to as macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL). CASE PRESENTATION: A-4 years old girl presents with the index finger and thumb larger than the surrounding fingers and has been present since birth...

BACKGROUND: Despite extensive research on Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults and children, there is a lack of comparison regarding short-term outcomes in various age groups. Our study aims to elucidate the differences in clinical features and short-term outcomes in Vietnam. METHODS: After retrospective data collection, we compared clinical features in patients with GBS aged ≤16 years at Children's Hospital 2 and aged >16 years at University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City from 2017 to 2021...