Depression impairment

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Residential Care Transition Module, a six-session, psychosocial, and psychoeducational telehealth intervention for family caregivers of cognitively impaired relatives living in a residential long-term care setting. Eligible participants (including care recipients, regardless of time since admission) were randomized to treatment or usual care control conditions. Survey data were collected at baseline, 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months ( N = 240). Primary analytic outcomes included caregiver subjective stress (a stress process mechanism) and depressive symptoms (a measure of global well-being)...

IMPORTANCE: Binge eating disorder (BED) is one of the most frequent eating pathologies and imposes substantial emotional and physical distress, yet insufficient health care resources limit access to specialized treatment. Web-based self-help interventions emerge as a promising solution, offering more accessible care. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioral self-help intervention for individuals with BED. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This 2-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial conducted from January 15, 2021, to August 3, 2022, in Germany and other German-speaking countries enrolled patients aged 18 to 65 years who met the diagnostic criteria for BED (according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fifth Edition])...

INTRODUCTION: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of melanocytes, leading to skin depigmentation. Vitiligo can have a high quality-of-life burden and profound impact on psychosocial well-being. The objectives of this study were to describe the self-reported patient burden among patients with nonsegmental vitiligo with ≤ 10% affected body surface area, summarize the physician-reported psychosocial and psychological impact of vitiligo on patient lives, and describe disease characteristics and treatment history, goals, and satisfaction...

NLRP3 inflammasome activation has emerged as a critical initiator of inflammatory response in ischemic retinopathy. Here, we identified the effect of a potent, selective NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, on autophagy and apoptosis under hypoxia. Neonatal mice were exposed to hyperoxia for 5 days to establish oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Intravitreal injection of MCC950 was given, and then autophagy and apoptosis markers were assessed. Retinal autophagy, apoptosis, and related pathways were evaluated by western blot, immunofluorescent labeling, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assay...

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) is common in schizophrenia patients, who also typically experience impaired social functioning. While various factors influence social functioning in schizophrenia, the specific impact of sleep and circadian rhythm disruption remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the connection between chronotype and social functioning in remitted schizophrenia patients, examining the mediating roles of depression and sleep quality. The study included 185 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia based on DSM-5 criteria...

BACKGROUND: Global research hotspots and future research trends in the neurobiological mechanisms of late-life depression (LLD) as well as its diagnosis and treatment are not yet clear. OBJECTIVES: This study profiled the current state of global research on LLD and predicted future research trends in the field. METHODS: Literature with the subject term LLD was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and CiteSpace software was used to perform econometric and co-occurrence analyses...

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional deficiency occurs frequently during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid which is critical for protein synthesis, serves as the precursor for serotonin, melatonin, and kynurenine (Kyn). The imbalance between serotonin and kynurenine pathways in Trp metabolism is closely related to inflammation and depression. This study assessed the effects of Trp deficiency on mouse early pregnancy. METHODS: Embryo implantation and decidualization were analyzed after female mice had been fed diets containing 0...

Non-parkinsonian tremors represent a heterogeneous spectrum of movement disorders where knowledge gaps persist regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical burden. This scoping review aimed to systematically consolidate literature on these disorders in India across the domains of prevalence, biological mechanisms, psychiatric comorbidity, disability impact, and quality of life. A systematic search was undertaken across databases to identify studies on non-parkinsonian tremors in India. Extracted data were synthesized descriptively under themes spanning reported prevalence estimates and variability, proposed biological processes, psychiatric symptom rates, stigma perceptions, and quality-of-life deficits...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disease characterized by widespread, persistent musculoskeletal pain in association with impaired health-related quality of life. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging tool for the management of fibromyalgia. There is no standardized protocol of rTMS for the treatment of FMS, and both low- and high-frequency stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are described in the literature with variable efficacy...

INTRODUCTION: Impairment in mentalization is implicated in the development and maintenance of depression. Major depressive disorders showed significant impairment in social cognition and such impairment appears to be positively associated with the severity of depression. Self-referential gaze perception (SRGP), a measurement of mentalization, was predominantly measured in patients with psychosis but rarely examined in late-life depression (LLD). METHODS: To assess the effect of cognition on the interpretation bias of mentalization, 29 LLD patients and 29 healthy controls were asked to judge if various gaze directions were directed to self in SRGP...

INTRODUCTION: Subjectively experienced cognitive difficulties are common in youth with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. The pathophysiological and psychological contributions of these cognitive impairments remain unclear. METHOD: Participants were 96 adolescents and young adults diagnosed with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and admitted to an intensive pain treatment program. Participants completed cognitive assessment and measures of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome symptoms, pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, and functional disability...

OBJECTIVE: Depression in later life is associated with a two-fold increased risk of dementia. It is not clear to what extent potentially modifiable risk factors account for this association. METHOD: Older adults (age 50 + ) with objective health measures ( n  = 14,014) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were followed for a mean duration of 35 months. Linear regression analyses were used to determine if clinically significant depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale score (CESD) ≥ 10) was associated with global cognitive decline, assessed with a neuropsychological battery during follow-up, and if modifiable risk factors mediated this association...

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to determine the neuroprotective effect of capric acid on sodium valproate-induced model of autism. METHODS: In this study, the effect of CA was observed in animals with single dose of valproic acid (600mg/kg, i.p.) where the disease condition was confirmed by developmental impairment in pups. Behavioral tests that assess anxiety, depression, stereotypical and repetitive behavior, social interaction, learning and memory, and other confounding variables were performed...

PURPOSE: Well-being and cognitive function had not previously been compared between people with long COVID and people with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Therefore, this study examined well-being and cognitive function in people with long COVID (∼16 months illness duration; n= 17) and ME/CFS (∼16 years illness duration; n=24), versus age-matched healthy controls (n=16). METHODS: Well-being was examined using several questionnaires, namely the Health Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Post-exertional malaise (PEM), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), European Quality of Life-5 Domains (EQ-5D), MRC Dyspnoea, Self-Efficacy (SELTC), The Edinburgh Neurosymptoms Questionnaire (ENS), General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9)...

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the core treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), with a proven survival benefit. ADT lowers circulating testosterone levels throughout the body, but with it comes a variety of reported side effects including fatigue, muscle wastage, weight gain, hot flushes and importantly cognitive impairment, depression, and mood swings. Testosterone has a key role in brain masculinization, but its direct effects are relatively poorly understood, due both to the brain's extreme complexity and the fact that some of testosterone activities are driven via local conversion to oestrogen, especially during embryonic development...

BACKGROUND: Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors associated with MCI in different ethnoracial groups could reduce MCI burden and health inequity in the population. METHODS: Among 2845 adults aged 65+ years, we investigated potential risk exposures including education, physical and mental health, lifestyle, and sensory function, and their cross-sectional associations with MCI. We compared proportions of exposures between Black and White participants and explored relationships among race, MCI, and exposures...

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple cell metabolism to cellular electrical activity. Humans affected by severe activating mutations in KATP channels suffer from developmental delay, epilepsy, and neonatal diabetes (DEND syndrome). While the aetiology of diabetes in DEND syndrome is well understood, the pathophysiology of the neurological symptoms remains unclear. We hypothesised that impaired activity of parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV-INs) may result in seizures and cognitive problems. We found, by performing electrophysiological experiments, that expressing the DEND mutation Kir6...

BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine whether cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, formerly sluggish cognitive tempo) has different external correlates relative to ADHD-inattentive presentation (INP), ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive presentation (HIP), and ADHD-combined presentation (CP). METHODS: Parents of a nationally representative sample of 5,525 Spanish youth (ages: 5-16, 56.1% boys) completed measures of CDS, ADHD-inattention (IN), and ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and other measures...

Depression is among the main causes of disability, and its protracted manifestations could make it even harder to treat metabolic diseases. Obesity is linked to episodes of depression, which is closely correlated to abdominal adiposity and impaired food quality. The present review is aimed at studying possible links between obesity and depression along with targets to disrupt it. Research output in Pubmed and Scopus were referred for writing this manuscript. Obesity and depression are related, with the greater propensity of depressed people to gain weight, resulting in poor dietary decisions and a sedentary lifestyle...

Depressive symptoms usually precede the cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD) and worsen the clinical outcome. However, the neural circuitry mediating early emotional dysfunction, especially depressive symptoms in AD, remains elusive. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is closely related to depression and vulnerable in AD. By quantitative whole-brain mapping and electrophysiological recording, we found that the decreased axonal calcium activity in neurons of ACC and the glutamatergic projection from ACC to the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) is significantly impaired in 3-month-old 5×FAD mice, which exhibit depressive-like phenotype before cognition defects in early stage...