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Triticum boeoticum (2n = 2x = 14, AbAb) is an important relative of wheat. This species tolerates many different types of environmental stresses, including drought, salt, and pathogenic infection, and is lower in dietary fiber and higher in antioxidants, protein (15-18%), lipids, and trace elements than common wheat. However, the gene transfer rate from this species to common wheat is low, and few species-specific molecular markers are available. In this study, the wheat-T. boeoticum substitution line Z1889, derived from a cross between the common wheat cultivar Crocus and Triticum boeoticum line G52, was identified using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH), multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (mc-GISH) and a 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array...

A novel anionic Cd(ii)-based metal-organic framework, H2 [Cd9 (DDB)4 (BPP)4 (H2 O)14 ]·4H2 O·2DMA (1), was successfully obtained with a rigid carboxylate ligand 3,5-di(2',4'-dicarboxylphenyl)benzoic acid (H5 DDB) and a flexible pyridyl ligand 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (BPP). Complex 1 contains two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb structures and one-dimensional (1D) chain structures. The adjacent 2D structures are linked by strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form an ABAB 3D supramolecular structure, where the 1D chain structures traverse the channels of the 2D structures...

We explored the effect of kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation (KINVIS) therapy on motor function in patients with stroke during the subacute phase based on paralysis severity. The study was performed using an ABAB design (A1, B1, A2, B2; for 10 days each). KINVIS therapy was additionally administered in periods B1 and B2. Ten patients with stroke were classified according to severity. The improvement in upper limb motor function was higher after B1 and B2 than after A1 and A2 in the moderate group...

Despite extensive research examining self-management interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),¹ researchers have failed to evaluate self-management procedures for on-task behavior in the home environment or with parents as interventionists. Using an ABAB design, the present study examined the effectiveness of a parent-implemented intervention consisting of self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and contingent reinforcement to increase on-task behavior of three participants completing independent school work in their home...

Synthetic and naturally occurring forms of tricopper orthotellurate, CuII 3 TeVI O6 (the mineral mcalpineite) have been investigated by 3D electron diffraction (3D ED), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopic measurements. As a result of the diffraction analyses, CuII 3 TeVI O6 is shown to occur in two polytypes. The higher-symmetric CuII 3 TeVI O6 -1C polytype is cubic, space group Ia3, with a = 9.537 (1) Å and V = 867.4 (3) Å3 as reported in previous studies. The 1C polytype is a well characterized structure consisting of alternating layers of CuII O6 octahedra and both CuII O6 and TeVI O6 octahedra in a patchwork arrangement...

The structure of zeolite SSZ-43 was determined by 3D electron diffraction, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The SSZ-43 framework forms one-dimensional, sinusoidal 12-ring channels from 54 61 butterfly units commonly found in other zeolites, but with unique 6.5×6.5 Å apertures and 12-ring 6.5×8.9 Å windows perpendicular to the channels. SSZ-43 crystals are intergrowths of two polytypes: ≈90 % orthorhombic polytype A with ABAB stacking of the 12-rings, and ≈10 % monoclinic polytype B with ABCABC stacking...

Repetitive pacing behavior is exhibited by many species in zoos and is particularly prevalent in carnivores with large home ranges, such as bears. Pacing can be a behavioral indicator of poor welfare, however, understanding this behavior can be challenging. As many bears that pace are singly housed, efforts to systematically examine and ameliorate pacing may be strengthened by multi-institutional studies. However, there is currently no standardized method to quantify pacing, which makes cross-institutional analyses of causal factors and intervening measures challenging...

Previous studies in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) have indicated that they experience attention capture in a qualitatively similar way to humans. Here, we apply a similar objective auditory streaming paradigm, using modified budgerigar vocalizations instead of ABAB-… patterned pure tones, in the sound sequences. The birds were trained to respond to deviants in the target stream while ignoring the distractors in the background stream. The background distractor could vary among five different categories and two different sequential positions, while the target deviants could randomly appear at five different sequential positions and vary among two different categories...

An electrochemically controlled synthesis of multiblock copolymers by alternating the redox states of (salfan)Zr(Ot Bu)2 (salfan = 1,1'-di(2- tert -butyl-6- N -methylmethylenephenoxy)ferrocene) is reported. Aided by electrochemistry with a glassy carbon working electrode, an in situ potential switch alters the catalyst's oxidation state and its subsequent monomer (l-lactide, β-butyrolactone, or cyclohexene oxide) selectivity in one pot. Various multiblock copolymers were prepared, including an ABAB tetrablock copolymer, poly(cyclohexene oxide- b -lactide- b -cyclohexene oxide- b -lactide), and an ABC triblock copolymer, poly(hydroxybutyrate- b -cyclohexene oxide- b -lactide)...

BACKGROUND: The Down syndrome behavioral phenotype includes delays in making speech sounds, production of more non-speech sounds than speech sounds, and contrasting strengths in social development. Within a behavior analytic framework, we conceptualize characteristics of the Down syndrome behavioral phenotype as creating a context for impairments in speech sound development that suggest interventions caregivers can use to improve speech sounds. AIM AND METHOD: We examined one intervention, the effects of mother's contingent vocal imitation, on rate of speech and non-speech sound production in infants with Down syndrome using an ABAB design...

The ability to detect the abstract pattern underlying a temporal sequence of events is crucial to many human activities, including language and mathematics, but its cortical correlates remain poorly understood. It is also unclear whether repeated exposure to the same sequence of sensory stimuli is sufficient to induce the encoding of an abstract amodal representation of the pattern. Using functional MRI, we probed the existence of such abstract codes for sequential patterns, their localization in the human brain, and their relation to existing language and math-responsive networks...

BACKGROUND: Phobias, including arachnophobia, are common and can be treated with exposure therapy, a method that is limited by a lack of feared objects/situations in clinical settings. METHODS: In a pilot parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the feasibility and efficacy of augmented reality exposure therapy (ARET), 25 men and women ages 18 to 45 with arachnophobia were designated (ABAB block allocation) to ARET for arachnophobia (n = 13) or waitlist control (n = 12)...

The crystal stacking order plays a crucial role in determining the structure and physical properties of 2D layered materials. A variation in the stacking sequence of adjacent 2D building blocks causes drastic changes in their functionalities. In this work, the structural variation of belloite (Cu(OH)Cl), as a function of pressure, is presented. Through in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies, in combination with first-principles theoretical simulations, a structural transformation from the initial monoclinic phase into an orthorhombic one has been established at 18...

This study examined how the brain dynamically updates event representations by integrating new information over multiple minutes while segregating irrelevant input. A professional writer custom-designed a narrative with two independent storylines, interleaving across minute-long segments (ABAB). In the last (C) part, characters from the two storylines meet and their shared history is revealed. Part C is designed to induce the spontaneous recall of past events, upon the recurrence of narrative motifs from A/B, and to shed new light on them...

Many adults with Down syndrome (DS) experience difficulty with speech production, and intelligibility challenges and communication breakdowns are common. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention can provide important supports for persons with these complex communication needs, but must be customized to address the goals, strengths, and needs of the individual. This article provides a description of a personalized AAC intervention for a young adult with DS whose speech was frequently unintelligible...

BACKGROUND: e- and mHealth interventions using self-regulation techniques like action and coping planning have the potential to tackle the worldwide problem of physical inactivity. However, they often use one-week self-regulation cycles, providing support toward an active lifestyle on a weekly basis. This may be too long to anticipate on certain contextual factors that may fluctuate from day to day and may influence physical activity. Consequently, the formulated action and coping plans often lack specificity and instrumentality, which may decrease effectiveness of the intervention...

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer treatment that utilizes the interaction of light and a photosensitiser (PS), promoting tumour cell death mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro photoactivity of four meso-substituted porphyrins and a porphyrin coupled to a fullerene. METHODS: The cell line employed was the LM3 mammary adenocarcinoma, and the PS with the best photokilling activity was administered to mice bearing the LM3 subcutaneously implanted adenocarcinoma...

BACKGROUND: Straight-sided glasses can slow the rate of lager consumption in a laboratory setting compared with curved glasses. Slower drinking rates may lower overall alcohol consumption. Glass shape is therefore a potential target for intervention. The aim of this randomised crossover trial was to estimate the impact of serving draught beer and cider in straight-sided glasses, compared with usual, predominantly curved glasses, on alcohol sales for on-site consumption in bars. METHODS: Twenty-four bars in England completed two intervention periods (A) and two control periods (B) in a randomised order: 1) BABA; 2) BAAB; 3) ABBA; or 4) ABAB...

The title compound, C9 H7 NO2 S crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules ( A and B ) in the asymmetric unit with Z = 8. Both mol-ecules are almost planar with a dihedral angle between the isoxazole and thio-phen rings of 3.67 (2)° in mol-ecule A and 10.00 (1) ° in mol-ecule B . The packing of mol-ecules A and B is of an ABAB⋯ type along the b -axis direction, the configuration about the C=C bond is Z . In the crystal, the presence of C-H⋯O, C-H⋯ N and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances of 3...

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this 2-arm parallel trial was to investigate the recall and comprehension of the information of orthodontic patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment using either the verbal explanation supported with the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) leaflet or 3-dimensional (3D) animated content. METHODS: Patients aged 12-18 years, with no relevant medical history or learning and reading difficulties, who were to undergo orthodontic treatment, were randomized to receive information about fixed orthodontic treatment, using either verbal explanation supported with the BOS leaflet or 3D animated content on the basis of the BOS leaflet...