Pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: The overall survival of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains low, underlining the need of further research to improve PC directed therapy. Some patients with PC may have experienced a prior cancer, refraining them from inclusion in clinical trials, despite not knowing the precise effect of a prior cancer on disease course of PC. OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of prior cancer on the disease course in patients with PC. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study including Danish patients diagnosed with PC between 2004 and 2020 crosslinking data from the Danish Cancer Registry, the Danish National Patient Registry among several other databases...

PURPOSE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) trials have evaluated CTLA-4 and/or PD-(L)1 blockade in patients with advanced disease where bulky tumor burden and limited time to develop anti-tumor T cells may have contributed to poor clinical efficacy. Here we evaluated peripheral blood and tumor T cells from patients with PDAC receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) versus chemoradiation alone. We analyzed whether PD-1 blockade successfully reactivated T cells in the blood and/or tumor to determine whether lack of clinical benefit could be explained by lack of reactivated T cells versus other factors...

NDC1 is a transmembrane nucleoporin that participates in cell mitosis. In the field of oncology, NDC1 has shown its potential as a prognostic marker for multiple tumors. However, pan-cancer analysis of NDC1 to fully explore its role in tumors has not been performed and little is reported on its role in pancreatic cancers. In the present study, a pan-cancer analysis of NDC1 was performed using a bioinformatic approach. Survival analysis was performed by univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis...

Regular use of Thai kratom has been linked to reduced blood triglyceride levels and body mass index (BMI) in healthy individuals. We analyzed Green Thai Kratom (GTK) and Red Thai Kratom (RTK) to investigate their effects on pancreatic digestive enzymes. The ethanol extracts of GTK and RTK inhibited lipase activity more strongly than alpha-glucosidase activity, suggesting the presence of lipase inhibitors. Mitragynine, the major compound in GTK, showed potent lipase inhibition and moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibition...

The Foot-and-Mouth disease is highly contagious acute viral disease of livestock inflicting huge economic loss to the farmers. The limited knowledge regarding the pathological lesions vis-a-vis distribution of the FMDV in in lesser explored endocrine glands and important vital organs other than the target organs of infected calves prompted us to take the present investigation to have detailed insight into the pathogenesis. The systematic necropsy of 37 dead calves (cattle-28 and buffalo-9) was conducted, and thin representative tissue pieces from the affected organs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) for pathological and immunohistochemical investigations...

Glycolysis is highly enhanced in Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells; thus, glucose restrictions are imposed on nontumor cells in the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME). However, little is known about how such glucose competition alters metabolism and confers phenotypic changes in stromal cells in the TME. Here, we report that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with restricted glucose availability utilize lactate from glycolysis-enhanced cancer cells as a fuel and exert immunosuppressive activity in the PDAC TME...

BACKGROUND: Our objective is to compare the early outcomes associated with passive (gravity) drainage (PG) and active drainage (AD) after surgery. METHODS: Studies published until April 28, 2022 were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, Web of Science databases. RESULTS: Nine studies with 14,169 patients were identified. Two groups had the same intra-abdominal infection rate (RR: 0.55; P  = 0...

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal, extremely aggressive gastrointestinal tumor with a poor prognosis and limited treatment alternatives. Disulfidptosis is a newly defined type of cell death with potential influence on cancer. Research on the association between disulfidptosis and pancreatic cancer is scarce. The expression data of disulfidptosis-related genes were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA). Disulfidptosis-related lncRNA signature (DRLS) was developed through the Cox and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis...

UNLABELLED: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are the most common entity among pediatric pancreatic tumors. Still, these are rare tumors with an annual incidence of 0.1-0.2/1,000,000, and little is known about their optimal treatment. This analysis aimed to increase knowledge about the occurrence and treatment strategies of SPN in childhood. Data regarding diagnostics, treatment, and outcome of children aged 0-18 years with SPN recorded in the German Registry for Rare Pediatric Tumors (STEP) were analyzed...

PURPOSE: An accurate and non-invasive assessment of tumor response following treatment other than traditional anatomical imaging techniques is essential. Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) imaging has been demonstrated as an alternative for cancer metabolic imaging by high-field MRI using deuterium-labeled molecules. The study aim was to use 2H-tissue labeling and deuterium MRI at clinical field strength for tumor visualization and assessment of three anticancer therapies in pancreatic cancer model mice...

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a pancreatic inflammatory disease associated with histological changes, including fibrosis, acinar cell loss and immune cell infiltration, and leads to damage of the pancreas, which results in pain, weight loss and loss of pancreas function. Catechin or catechin hydrate (CH) has antioxidant, anticancer and immune‑regulatory effects. However, unlike other catechins, the antifibrotic effects of (+)‑CH have not been widely studied in many diseases, including CP. Therefore, the anti‑fibrotic effects of (+)‑CH against CP were evaluated in the present study...

Pancreatic a-cells secrete glucagon, an insulin counter-regulatory peptide hormone critical for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Investigation of the function of human a-cells remains a challenge due to the lack of cost-effective purification methods to isolate high-quality a-cells from islets. Here, we use the reaction-based probe diacetylated Zinpyr1 (DA-ZP1) to introduce a novel and simple method for enriching live a-cells from dissociated human islet cells with ~ 95% purity. The a-cells, confirmed by sorting and immunostaining for glucagon, were cultured up to 10 days to form a-pseudoislets...

UNLABELLED: Oncogenic mutations in KRAS are among the most common in cancer. Classical models suggest that loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of mesenchymal traits are associated with cancer aggressiveness and therapy resistance. However, the mechanistic link between these phenotypes and mutant KRAS biology remains to be established. Here we identify STAT3 as a genetic modifier of TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Gene expression profiling of pancreatic cancer cells identifies more than 200 genes commonly regulated by STAT3 and oncogenic KRAS...

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is a multi-faceted nuclear receptor responsible for governing the development and proper functioning of liver and pancreatic islet cells. Its transcriptional functions encompass the regulation of vital metabolic processes including cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism, and glucose sensing and control. Various genetic mutations and alterations in HNF4α are associated with diabetes, metabolic disorders, and cancers. From a structural perspective, HNF4α is one of the most comprehensively understood nuclear receptors due to its crystallographically observed architecture revealing interconnected DNA binding domains (DBDs) and ligand binding domains (LBDs)...

Malignant tumors have become a major social health problem that seriously threatens human health, among which pancreatic cancer has a high degree of malignancy, difficult diagnosis and treatment, short survival time, and high mortality. More and more attention has been paid to abnormal lipid metabolism as a momentous carcinogenesis mechanism. Here, we explored the relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism, enolase, and pancreatic cancer by clinical data analysis. A high-fat mouse model was constructed, and then, a subcutaneous tumorigenesis mouse model of carcinoma of pancreatic cells and a metastatic neoplasm mouse pattern of pancreatic carcinoma cells injected through the tail vein were constructed to explore whether abnormal lipid metabolism affects the progression of pancreatic cancer in mice...

Enhanced recognition ability, cell uptake capacity, and biostability are characteristics attributed to aptamer-based targeted anticancer agents, and are possibly associated with increased accumulation at the tumor site, improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced negative side effects. Herein, a phosphorothioate backbone modification strategy was applied to regulate the biomedical properties of pancreatic cancer cell-targeting aptamer for efficient in vivo drug delivery. Specifically, the CD71- targeting aptamer XQ-2d was modified into a fully thio-substituted aptamer S-XQ-2d, improving the plasma stability of S-XQ-2d and mitomycin C (MMC)-functionalized S-XQ-2d (MFSX), thus considerably prolonging their half-life in mice...

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. First-line treatments usually include surgery, radiotherapy, and/or systemic therapy. These methods can be associated with serious adverse events and can be toxic to healthy cells. Despite the new advances in cancer therapies, there is still a continuous need for safe and effective therapeutic agents. Cysteamine is an aminothiol endogenously synthetized by human cells during the degradation of coenzyme-A. It has been safely used in humans for the treatment of several pathologies including cystinosis and neurodegenerative diseases...

OBJECTIVES: Tumor grading is important for prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we developed preoperative clinical-radiomics nomograms using features from contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), to discriminate high-grade and low-grade PDAC and predict overall survival (OS). METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective study conducted from February 2014 to April 2021, consecutive PDAC patients who underwent CECT and had pathologically identified grading were randomized to training (n=200) and test (n=84) cohorts for development of model to predict histological grade based on radiomics scores from CECT (HGrad)...

INTRODUCTION: Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI has important clinical value for early detection, accurate staging, and therapeutic monitoring of cancers. However, conventional multi-phasic abdominal DCE-MRI has limited temporal resolution and provides qualitative or semi-quantitative assessments of tissue vascularity. In this study, the feasibility of retrospectively quantifying multi-phasic abdominal DCE-MRI by using pharmacokinetics-informed deep learning to improve temporal resolution was investigated...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) rarely causes critical gastric necrosis and perforation, which may develop when pancreatic WON squashes against the stomach. The Atlanta 2012 guidelines were introduced for acute pancreatitis and its related clinical entities. However, there are few reported cases describing the clinical course and resolution of pancreatic WON. CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a 45-year-old man who presented to the urgent emergency department with gastric perforation caused by a severe complication of pancreatic WON on computed tomography...