galactin 3

Nanofibers of short peptides are emerging as a promising type of agents for inhibiting cancer cells. But the proteolysis of peptides decreases the anticancer efficacy of the peptide nanofibers. Here we show that decreasing the activity of proteasomes enhance the activity of peptide nanofibers for inhibiting cancer cells. Based on the structure of galactin-3, we designed a heptapeptide, which self-assembles to form nanofibers. The nanofibers of the heptapeptide exhibit moderate cytotoxicity to three representative cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, and HepG2), largely due to the proteolysis of the peptides...

OBJECTIVE: Neuroinflammatory responses are implicated in depression. The aim was to explore whether depression in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was associated with high circulating galectin-3, controlling for metabolic variables, s-creatinine, life style factors, medication and cardiovascular complications. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: Participants were T1D patients ( n  = 283, 56% men, age 18-59 years, diabetes duration ≥1 year)...

In sepsis, the liver plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and is also a target organ for immune-related injury. Despite the critical function of CD8+ T cells against opportunistic viral infections, the CD8 immune response in the liver during sepsis remains elusive. Here we found that Tim-3 is highly up-regulated in liver CD8+ T cells in a mouse cecal ligation and puncture model and in peripheral blood CD8+ T cells of human patients with sepsis. The expression of Tim-3 in liver CD8+ T cells displayed a bi-phasic pattern and deletion of Tim-3 led to reduction of CD8+ T cell apoptosis...

Background: As histopathological findings of parathyroid carcinoma are not certain, the diagnosis of tumors with degenerative changes may be difficult. In these cases, immunohistochemical markers are beneficial. We aimed to research the acceptability of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), Galactin-3, Cyclin D1, and Ki-67 as helpful markers in parathyroid tumors in cases which are difficult to diagnose. Materials and Methods: Those cases who had been diagnosed with atypical parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma between 2010 and 2015 were reevaluated...

Cancer treatment in the past few years has been transformed by a new kind of therapy that targets the immune system instead of the cancer itself to reinvigorate antitumor immunity with astonishing results. However, primary and acquired resistance to this type of treatment, namely immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), continue to counter treatment efficacy. In many cases, resistance has been attributed to defective or chronically enhanced interferon signaling and/or upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints, including T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) and its ligand galactin-9 (Gal-9)...

OBJECTIVE: Meningiomas are neoplasms that arise from the meninges of the central nervous system (CNS). They constitute about 25.6% of CNS tumors diagnosed in Egypt. Some morphological variants of meningiomas display aggressive behavior, leading to brain-invasive growth pattern. Although meningiomas are usually treated by complete surgical excision, the risk of postoperative recurrence remains. Hence, additional biomarkers for predicting aggressive behavior must be discovered. This study aims to explore the clinical and biological relevance of the protein expression levels of β-catenin and galectine-3 in meningioma and to understand the pathobiology of this neoplasm...

Galectin-3 has been proposed as a novel biomarker of heart failure and cardiac fibrosis, and may also be associated with fibrosis of other organs such as the kidney. To determine this, we prospectively analyzed data from 9,148 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants with measured plasma galectin-3 levels (baseline, visit 4, 1996-98) and without prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) or heart failure. We identified 1,983 incident CKD cases through December 31, 2013 over a median follow-up of 16 years...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Thyroid nodules are very common in our setup and their diagnosis on fine needle aspiration is not easy and is a taxing affair. It is a challenge to differentiate between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma without histology. Our objective was to investigate the role of Galectin-3 in fine needle aspirates of thyroid nodules as a prospective diagnostic marker and consequently its ability to differentiate benign from malignant neoplasms. METHODS: The research was conducted at the department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University, in association with other teaching institutions of Lahore from June 2012 to July 2014...

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that early measurement of galectin-3 at the emergency department (ED) during an episode of acute heart failure (AHF) allows predicting short- and long-term outcomes. METHODS: We performed an exploratory study including 115 patients consecutively diagnosed with AHF in a single ED. Clinical and analytical variables were recorded. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality, and secondary endpoints were 30-day composite outcome (death, rehospitalization or ED reconsultation, whichever first) and 1-year mortality...

Heart failure (HF) progression has not been studied in pediatric patients as well as HF in patients with a normal ejection fraction (HFNEF). We aimed to evaluate galactin-3 in children with HFNEF and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) and its correlation to disease severity and progression. This cross-sectional study involved 45 chronic HF patients taking G1a (23 HFNEF children) and G1b (22 HFREF children) compared to 45 age- and sex-matched controls (G2) subjected to history taking, Ross functional HF classification, conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic systolic and diastolic function assessment (FS%, E/A, S m , E m /A m , E/E m ) and laboratory investigations [glomerular filtration rate, serum galactin-3 level (ELISA)]...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is defined as an abnormal heart structure and function in cirrhotic patients. CCM includes systolic and diastolic dysfunction, electrophysiological abnormalities, and structural changes, both microscopic and macroscopic. Currently, there is no one diagnostic test that can identify patients with CCM. Evaluation of the validity of galactin-3 and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as biomarkers in the early detection of CCM in comparison to conventional echocardiography...

BACKGROUND: Proteomic approaches identifying biomarkers have been applied to asthma to only a very limited extent. METHODS: With an antibody array (RayBiotech, Norcross, GA, USA), the relative intensity and rank differences of 444 proteins were compared in 24 plasma samples obtained at age 3, 11 from children with and 12 without asthma diagnoses at ages 5 and 9. Protein candidates identified by antibody array were quantitated by ELISA in an enlarged sample. Proteins found to differentiate children with and without asthma were also examined for association with known Year 1 asthma risk factors, eczema, and wheeze...

We aim to investigate the expression profiles of galectin family genes (galectins-1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11) in colorectal carcinomas. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of galectin family members (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12) was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in colorectal tissues from 201 patients (54 noncancer colorectal tissues, 49 adenomas, and 98 adenocarcinomas). Galectin-1 and galectin-3 protein expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. In general, high galectin mRNA expression was noted in colorectal carcinomas in early stages of their pathogenesis...

Poor healing of epithelial wounds in cornea is a major clinical problem, leading to persistent epithelial defects and ulceration. The primary cause is poor cell migration over the wound. Carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 binds to extracellular matrixes (ECMs) and promotes lamellipodia formation by cross-linking to α3 integrin. Recombinant galectin-3 also facilitates wound healing in the rodent cornea. The purposes of the present experiments were to: (1) establish epithelial wound healing models in monkey corneal explant culture, the models more relevant to human, (2) evaluate the healing effect of galectin-3 in our models, and (3) determine if galectin-3 enhances cell adhesion by interacting with ECMs on corneal surface and their ligand integrins...

The use of soluble cardiac biomarkers such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin has revolutionized prognostication for patients with AL amyloidosis. Soluble ST2 (sST2) and galectin-3 have also been reported to have prognostic value in other cardiac patient populations. We identified 502 patients with AL amyloidosis, who provided a research sample and consent to review their medical records between 1/1/2006-12/31/2010 within 90 days of their diagnosis. Samples were assayed for sST2 and galectin-3...

Although most of Dr Scully's research addressed diseases of the ovary, about 10% of his published manuscripts focused on endometrial lesions, most often consisting of observations about unusual types or deceptive patterns of endometrial carcinoma that had not previously been described, or lesions for which the behavior had been unknown. He characterized and clarified the entity of clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium, and wrote about endometrial carcinomas with argyrophil, oxyphil, and giant cells, and those simulating microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix, as well as uterine papillary serous, squamous cell, and small cell carcinoma,...

Lymph node metastasis is recognized as an important mode of liver cancer metastasis. Our previous study has built two hepatocarcinoma cell lines, Hca-F with high (75%) and Hca-P with low (25%) incidences of lymph node metastasis, and has indicated that annexin A7 is an important factor in the lymphatic metastasis of tumors. There is evidence that galectin-3 is the binding protein of annexin A7 and works in protein complexes. Our current study shows that both annexin A7 and galectin-3 express higher in Hca-F than Hca-P...

There are few mouse models that adequately mimic large bowel cancer in humans or the gastrointestinal inflammation which frequently precedes it. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induces colitis in many animal models and has been used in combination with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) to induce cancer in mice. Smad3(-/-) mice are deficient in the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling molecule, SMAD3, resulting in dysregulation of the cellular pathway most commonly affected in human colorectal cancer, and develop inflammation-associated colon cancer...

BACKGROUND: Galactin-3 is a cell adhesion molecule involved in tumor progression. Our aim was to examine Gal-3 expression in tumor, benign tissue adjacent to the tumor (adjacent-benign) and benign prostate specimens and correlated it with biochemical recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue microarrays were prepared from 83 tumor, 78 adjacent-benign and 75 benign tissues obtained from 83 patients undergoing prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer...

INTRODUCTION: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a potentially malignant lesion characterized by a combination of cytological and architectural anomalies, which are essential for its diagnosis. Galectins are proteins that participate in cell cycle, adhesion and differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses, as well as in cancer development and progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of galectins-1, -3, and -7 in the OED (21 low risk and 29 high risk) and normal oral mucosa (NOM)...