vancomycin resistance

The primary objective of this study was to isolate bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers and subsequently assess their antibiotic resistance capabilities. Seventy-five patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers were investigated. A number of these patients (97.33%) had type 2 diabetes, with a significant proportion of them having been diagnosed for 1-5 years (29.33%). Notably, a substantial number of these individuals were on insulin usage (78.66%). Among the patients under examination, 49.33% reported having no use of tobacco products, alcohol, or betel leaf...

IMPORTANCE: β-lactam (BL) allergies are the most common drug allergy worldwide, but most are reported in error. BL allergies are also well-established risk factors for adverse drug events and antibiotic-resistant infections during inpatient health care encounters, but the understanding of the long-term outcomes of patients with BL allergies remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with BL allergies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This longitudinal retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single regional health care system in western Pennsylvania...

BACKGROUND: Bullet-related bacterial wound infection can be caused by high-velocity bullets and shrapnel injuries. In Ethiopia, significant injuries were reported that may cause severe wound infections, persistent systemic infections and may lead to amputation and mortality. The magnitude, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and factors associated with bacterial wound infections among patients with bullet-related injuries are not yet studied particularly at health facilities in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia...

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to the global healthcare system, presenting a major challenge to antimicrobial stewardship worldwide. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic usage among COVID-19 patients receiving treatment in healthcare facilities. Our search encompassed the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases, spanning studies published from December 2019 to May 2023...

UNLABELLED: Daptomycin is a membrane-targeting last-resort antimicrobial therapeutic for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin- and/or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . In the rare event of failed daptomycin therapy, the source of resistance is often attributable to mutations directly within the membrane phospholipid biosynthetic pathway of S. aureus or in the regulatory systems that control cell envelope response and membrane homeostasis. Here we describe the structural changes to the cell envelope in a daptomycin-resistant isolate of S...

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern that has been exacerbated by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant bacteria. The gut microbiota, often influenced by antibiotic usage, plays a crucial role in overall health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistant genes in the gut microbiota of Indonesian coastal and highland populations, as well as to identify vancomycin-resistant bacteria and their resistant genes...

The present study aimed to investigate secondary bacterial infections among patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci can infect immunocompromised patients. Linezolid resistance among Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most critical issues. In 2019, 185 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who were admitted to North Khorasan Province Hospital (Bojnurd, Iran), were investigated. Patients having positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results, who had a history of intubation, mechanical ventilation, and were hospitalized for more than 48 hours were included...

Background: Despite high negative predictive values (NPVs) seen with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nares polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, utilization of both respiratory sample Gram stain and MRSA nares PCR in patients with pneumonia may contribute to overuse of laboratory resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a Gram stain demonstrating no Gram-positive organisms from a respiratory sample is sufficient to allow for de-escalation of vancomycin therapy. Methods: This single center study retrospectively identified intensive care unit (ICU) patients started on vancomycin for presumed pneumonia at University of Wisconsin (UW) Health in Madison, WI between August 2022 and March 2023...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Rohdea pachynema F.T.Wang & Tang (R. pachynema), is a traditional folk medicine used for the treatment of stomach pain, stomach ulcers, bruises, and skin infections in China. Some of the diseases may relate to microbial infections in traditional applications. However few reports on its antimicrobial properties and bioactive components. AIM OF THE STUDY: To identify its bioactive constituents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism...

BACKGROUND: Female vulvovaginitis was one of the most common gynecological diseases. It had a great negative impact on their work and quality of life. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical and laboratory data of patients with vulvovaginitis in Hangzhou, China. To analyze the clinical situation, species distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic fungi and bacteria in 626 cases of vulvovaginitis in Hangzhou. Microorganism culture, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were conducted...

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE) infections pose significant challenges in healthcare. Transmission dynamics of VRE are complex, often involving patient colonization and subsequent transmission through various healthcare-associated vectors. We utilized a whole genome sequencing (WGS) surveillance program at our institution to better understand the contribution of clinical and colonizing isolates to VRE transmission. METHODS: We performed whole genome sequencing on 352 VRE clinical isolates collected over 34 months and 891 rectal screening isolates collected over a 9-month nested period, and used single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess relatedness...

BACKGROUND: Brain-heart infusion agar supplemented with 4 µg/mL of vancomycin (BHI-V4) was commonly used for the detection of heterogeneous (hVISA) and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). However, its diagnostic value remains unclear. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of BHI-V4 with population analysis profiling with area under the curve (PAP-AUC) in hVISA/VISA. METHODS: The protocol of this study was registered in INPLASY (INPLASY2023120069)...

Developing effective tuberculosis drugs is hindered by mycobacteria's intrinsic antibiotic resistance because of their impermeable cell envelope. Using benzothiazole compounds, we aimed to increase mycobacterial cell envelope permeability and weaken the defenses of Mycobacterium marinum , serving as a model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Initial hit, BT-08, significantly boosted ethidium bromide uptake, indicating enhanced membrane permeability. It also demonstrated efficacy in the M. marinum -zebrafish embryo infection model and M...

Vancomycin fermentation residue (VFR) is a by-product of the pharmaceutical industry with high ecotoxicity caused by the residual antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and heavy metals (HMs). In this study, the detoxification effect of hydrothermal treatment (HT) and pyrolysis for VFR was assessed using chemical analysis and toxicity tests. When VFR was subjected to HT and pyrolysis at ≥400 °C, more than 99.70 % of the residual vancomycin and all ARGs were removed. The HMs contents in VFR followed the order of manganese (676...

AIM: The challenging properties of biofilm-associated infections and the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria are prompting the exploration of alternative treatment options. This study investigates the efficacy of different bioactive glass (BAG) formulations - alone or combined with vancomycin - to eradicate biofilm. Further, we study the influence of BAG on pH and osmotic pressure as important factors limiting bacterial growth. METHOD: Different BAG S53P4 formulations were used for this study, including (a) powder (<45 μm), (b) granules (500-800 µm), (c) a cone-shaped scaffold and (d) two putty formulations containing granules with no powder (putty A) or with additional powder (putty B) bound together by a synthetic binder...

BACKGROUND: Environmental disinfection is essential for reducing spread of healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Previous studies report conflicting results regarding the effects of ultraviolet light (UV) in reducing infections. This trial evaluated the impact of adding pulsed xenon UV (PX-UV) to standard terminal cleaning in reducing environmentally-implicated HAIs (eiHAIs). METHODS: The LAMP trial was conducted in 2 hospitals (15 inpatient wards) utilizing a cluster randomized controlled, double-blinded, interventional crossover trial comparing standard terminal cleaning followed by either pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) disinfection (intervention arm) or sham disinfection (control arm)...

Lemierre-like syndrome is a rare, systemic sequelae following a persistent oropharyngeal infection, leading to septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV). Lemierre syndrome is caused by the obligate anaerobic organism Fusobacterium necrophorum , innate to the oropharyngeal tract. Lemierre-like syndrome is due to infections caused by other organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We are reporting a case of a five-month-old male who presented with one week of fever that was not alleviated by acetaminophen, bilateral otitis media, and left-sided cervical lymphadenopathy not alleviated with medical therapy...

The concentration of antimicrobial agents in environments like water and food has increased rapidly, which led to a rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance levels in the environment. Monitoring of bacterial resistance levels is considered as a necessary means to control the bacterial resistance. Reference standards are critical for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. CLSI M45 A3 standard defines pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections less frequently than those covered by CLSI M02, M07, and M100 as Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria and specifies antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods...

In the article, the authors review antibiotic treatment options for both acute uncomplicated UTI and complicated UTI. In addition, they review alternative regimens which are needed in the setting of drug-resistant pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, -extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas, which are encountered with more frequency.

To understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogens in respiratory samples in Changle District People's Hospital in Fujian Province in recent years, and provide empirical guidance for infection control and clinical treatment in the region. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 5137 isolates of pathogens from respiratory samples collected from 2019 to 2022. The AMR patterns were systematically analyzed. For research purposes, the data was accessed on October 12, 2023. A total of 3517 isolates were included in the study, including 811 (23...