max VO2

(1) Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is known to be a prognostic factor regarding long-term morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to develop a standardized Stair Climbing Test (SCT) with a reliable correlation to spiroergometry and the 6MWT which can be used in healthy children as well as patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and a restricted exercise capacity. (2) Methods: A total of 28 healthy participants aged 10-18 years were included. We tested the individuals' CRF by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill, the 6MWT, and a newly developed Stair Climbing Test (SCT)...

OBJECTIVE: One of the main objectives of practicing indoor cardiovascular exercise is to maximize caloric expenditure. This study aimed to compare energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate (HR) recorded in middle-aged adults while exercising on seven different indoor cardiovascular machines at self-selected maximal and submaximal intensity. METHOD: Thirty recreational-active adult males (Age: 41.69 ± 4.64) performed 12-min bouts at RPE (Rate of perceived exertion) 17 and maximum intensity (MAX INT) on the following indoor cardio machines: Recumbent bike (r_BIKE), upright bike (u-BIKE), spin bike (s-BIKE), rowing machine (ROW), elliptical trainer (ELLIP), stair climber (STAIR), and treadmill (TMILL)...

BACKGROUND: Cardiotoxicity from chemotherapy is a serious risk to the quality of survival of breast cancer survivors (BCS), and aerobic combined with resistance exercise (CE) has the potential to combat this cardiac damage. However, there is a lack of high-quality studies to assess the specific effects of CE. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CE on cardiopulmonary function (CRF) and cardiometabolic health in BCS. METHODS: A comprehensively searched of the 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) from the database construction until March 1, 2023...

Cardiovascular complications in patients undergoing thoracic surgery, which physicians have a limited ability to predict, are often unavoidable and resulting in adverse outcome. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), the gold standard of cardiopulmonary function evaluation, has also been proved to be a preoperative risk assessment tool. Meanwhile, elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has surged as a biochemical marker in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. However, it is yet unclear the value of CPET combined with RDW in predicting cardiovascular complications after thoracic surgery...

Women have a disadvantage for performance in long-distance running compared to men. To elaborate on inherent characteristics, 12 sub-elite women were matched with 12 men for training volume (M-Tm) (56.6 ±18 vs 55.7 ±17 km/wk). The women were also matched to other men for a 10km staged outdoor time trial(M-Pm) (42:36 min:s) to determine which factors could explain equal running performance. Anthropometry and treadmill tests were done. Fiber type (% Type I and Type IIA)), and citrate synthase activities were analyzed in muscle biopsy samples...

Cajuína is a processed drink derived from cashew and is widely consumed in the northeast region of Brazil. This study evaluated the effect of a cajuína-based hydroelectrolytic drink on the aerobic performance and hydration status of recreational runners. Seventeen males (31.9 ± 1.6 years, 51.0 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min) performed three time-to-exhaustion running sessions on a treadmill at 70% VO2 max, ingesting cajuína hydroelectrolytic drink (CJ), high carbohydrate commercial hydroelectrolytic drink (CH) and mineral water (W) every 15 min during the running test...

OBJECTIVE: Currently, one of the main causes of death in women with breast cancer is cardiovascular disease caused by the oncologic therapies. Exercise has demonstrated positive effects on cardiovascular fitness in individuals without cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of exercise in women with breast cancer, during and after the application of their treatments. METHODS: Systematic search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease affect the activities of daily living at varying degree. While the effects of aerobic exercise on functional capacity are well-documented, the extent of change for different types of exercise in these chronic conditions remains unexplored. Additionally, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of exercise in reducing body weight. METHODS: We conducted systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis and searched various databases from inception to July 2020...

Late chronotype (LC) is related to obesity and altered food intake throughout the day. But whether appetite perception and gut hormones differ among chronotypes is unclear. Thus, we examined if early chronotype (EC) have different appetite responses in relation to food intake than LC. Adults with obesity were categorized using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) as either EC ( n  = 21, 18F, MEQ = 63.9 ± 1.0, 53.7 ± 1.2 yr, 36...

Slow-releasing carbohydrates may delay the effects of fatigue after exhaustive exercise. The purpose of this study was to observe the influence that hydrothermally modified starches (HMS) and traditional maltodextrin (MAL) supplements had on physical endurance and mental performance following exhaustive exercise. Male participants completed a VO2 max and 2 days of cycling sessions using a Velotron ergometer. Cycling sessions were performed at 70% of the VO2 max workload for 150 min. Supplements were consumed 30 min before cycling and during exercise at the 120-min mark (1 g CHO/kg body weight)...

This study examines the relationship between physiological complexity, as measured by Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), and fitness levels in female athletes. Our focus is on their association with maximal oxygen consumption (VO2,max). Our findings reveal a complex relationship between entropy metrics and fitness levels, indicating that higher fitness typically, though not invariably, correlates with greater entropy in physiological time series data; however, this is not consistent for all individuals...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the course of changes in the blood lactate (BL) concentration in response to the graded exercise test (GXT) and the modified Wingate test (MWT). METHODS: This study involved 23 male highly trained road cyclists (age: 16.2 ± 1.1 years; experience: 5.0 ± 2.1 years; VO2 max 59.0 ± 3.5 mL × kg-1 × min-1 ). The analysis of BL concentration was conducted using an enzymatic-amperometric electrochemical technique...

BACKGROUND: Obesity, a common lifestyle-related condition, is correlated with factors like inadequate physical activity. Its connection to diverse health issues presents a significant challenge to healthcare. This pilot study investigated the effects of hypoxic training on aerobic capacity and biometric-structural indicators in obese women. The secondary objective was to determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of the planned research procedures and their potential for larger-scale implementation...

AIMS: Submaximal tests estimating VO2 max have inherent biases; hence, using VO2 max estimations from the same test is essential for reducing this bias. This study aimed to establish sex- and age-specific reference values for estimated VO2 max using the Åstrand-test (Å-test) and the Ekblom-Bak test (EB-test). We also assessed the effects of age, exercise level, and BMI on VO2 max estimations. METHODS: We included men and women (20-69 years) from the Swedish working population participating in Health Profile Assessments between 2010 and 2020...

This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of age and playing position, controlling for maturity, on physical fitness indicators in 303 adolescent female netball players aged 12.0 to 15.9 years. Assessments included estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) via the 20 m shuttle run test, 10 m and 20 m sprints, change of direction speed (CODS) using the 505 test, and muscle power via the medicine ball chest throw (MBCT) and countermovement vertical jump (CMJ). Participants were grouped by age (12 to 15 years) and playing position (non-circle and circle players), with age at peak height velocity as a covariate for maturity...

AIM: Chronotype reflects a circadian rhythmicity that regulates endothelial function. While the morning chronotype (MORN) usually has low cardiovascular disease risk, no study has examined insulin action on endothelial function between chronotypes. We hypothesized intermediate chronotypes (INT) would have lower vascular insulin sensitivity than morning chronotype (MORN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults with obesity were classified per Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) as either MORN (n = 27, 22 female, MEQ = 63...

Despite guideline recommendations, strategies for implementing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) are not well established with little evidence to risk stratify prudent and effective guidelines for the many required variables. We conducted a systematic review of studies (2004-2023) reporting CR following type A (TA) and type B (TB) AAD. Our review is limited to open surgical repair for TA and medical treatment for TB. A total of 5 studies were included (4 TA-AAD and 1 TB-AAD) in the qualitative analysis...

BACKGROUND: Walking slows with aging often leading to mobility disability. Mitochondrial energetics has been found to be associated with gait speed over short distances. Additionally, walking is a complex activity but few clinical factors that may be associated with walk time have been studied. METHODS: We examined 879 participants ≥70 years and measured the time to walk 400 m. We tested the hypothesis that decreased mitochondrial energetics by respirometry in muscle biopsies and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the thigh and is associated with longer time to walk 400 m...

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the association of body mass index (BMI), fat mass, physical activity engagement (PA), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), screen time and academic performance (AP) with Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in a sample of high socioeconomic status (SES) children. DESIGN: A non-randomized design was used. A multilinear regression model was developed using backward elimination. Analysis included variables pertaining to age, BMI, VO2 max, fat percentage, AP, PA engagement and screen time...

Adipose biopsy techniques are relatively undefined for exercise physiology research in individuals at or near normal weight. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of two adipose biopsy techniques on tissue quality through measurements of adipocyte cell size, as well as mRNA and protein levels of select pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Thirteen participants (9M, 4W; 28±4 y; 27±3 kg•m-2 ; VO2 max: 3.3±0.7 L•min-1 ) underwent subcutaneous adipose biopsies on either side of the umbilicus (incision: ~8 cm lateral, sampling area: ~5 cm lateral) using 1) a 6 mm Bergström biopsy needle and 2) a mini-liposuction approach with a 4 mm Mercedes biopsy needle that employed pre-biopsy tumescent delivery (~30 mL 0...