DENSE

IMPORTANCE: The risk factors for interval breast cancer (IBC) compared with those for screen-detected breast cancer (SBC) and their association with mortality outcomes have not yet been evaluated among Korean women. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors associated with IBC and survival among Korean women with IBC compared with those with SBC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database...

This study is on the outskirts of the rapidly growing city of Jaipur, located in the semiarid region of India and gateway to the 'Great Indian Thar' desert, and focused on potentially toxic elements (PTE) pollution in the farmlands around the city. Concentrations of PTE, along with associated soil parameters such as pH, available nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, and potassium, were estimated in agricultural soil samples near an industrial region on the outskirts of the capital city of the largest state of India...

BACKGROUND: Platinum/taxane (TC) chemotherapy with debulking surgery stays the mainstay of the treatment in ovarian cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis, and recently its novel modality, intraperitoneal carboplatin with dose-dense paclitaxel (ddTCip), was shown to have greater therapeutic impact. Nevertheless, the response varies among patients and consequent recurrence, or relapse often occurs. Discovery of therapeutic response predictor to ddTCip and/or TC therapy is eagerly awaited to improve the treatment outcome...

PURPOSE: To investigate the histopathological findings of the anterior lens capsule in pediatric patients who had surgery for cataracts. METHODS: This study is a prospective interventional study. Anterior capsule tissue samples that were obtained by the anterior capsulotomy method during phacoemulsification surgery were fixed and examined under a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Twenty-two eyes of 19 patients who were diagnosed with congenital and juvenile cataracts were included in this study...

Transient or partial synchronization can be used to do computations, although a fully synchronized network is sometimes related to the onset of epileptic seizures. Here, we propose a homeostatic mechanism that is capable of maintaining a neuronal network at the edge of a synchronization transition, thereby avoiding the harmful consequences of a fully synchronized network. We model neurons by maps since they are dynamically richer than integrate-and-fire models and more computationally efficient than conductance-based approaches...

A protein's genetic architecture - the set of causal rules by which its sequence produces its functions - also determines its possible evolutionary trajectories. Prior research has proposed that the genetic architecture of proteins is very complex, with pervasive epistatic interactions that constrain evolution and make function difficult to predict from sequence. Most of this work has analyzed only the direct paths between two proteins of interest - excluding the vast majority of possible genotypes and evolutionary trajectories - and has considered only a single protein function, leaving unaddressed the genetic architecture of functional specificity and its impact on the evolution of new functions...

Plants growing in dense vegetation stands need to flexibly position their photosynthetic organs to ensure optimal light capture in a competitive environment. They do so through a suite of developmental responses referred to as the shade avoidance syndrome. Belowground, root development is also adjusted in response to aboveground neighbour proximity. Canopies are dynamic and complex environments with heterogenous light cues in the far-red, red, blue and UV spectrum, which can be perceived with photoreceptors by spatially separated plant tissues...

Based on material recently collected in northern Thailand, the present study provides an updated of the genus Baetiella , including Gratia . It comprises six species in Thailand, three of them being new species: Baetiella (Gratia) narumonae, Baetiella (Gratia) sororculaenadinae, Baetiella (Baetiella) bispinosa, Baetiella (Baetiella) baei sp. nov. , Baetiella (Baetiella) lannaensis sp. nov. and Baetiella (Baetiella) bibranchia sp. nov. Baetiella (Baetiella) baei sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by the reduction of the posteromedian protuberances on abdominal tergites I-III, the asymmetrical coniform terminal segment of labial palp, the distal margin of abdominal sternites VII-X each with a row of long, spatulate setae, the dorsal margin of femur with two long, robust setae distally...

Chronic ethanol exposure produces neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) which facilitate the maladaptive behaviors interfering with recovery from alcohol use disorder. Despite evidence that different cortico-subcortical projections play distinct roles in behavior, few studies have examined the physiological effects of chronic ethanol at the circuit level. The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) is a GABAergic midbrain region involved in aversive signaling and is functionally altered by chronic ethanol exposure...

Spontaneously blinking fluorophores permit the detection and localization of individual molecules without reducing buffers or caging groups, thus simplifying single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). The intrinsic blinking properties of such dyes are dictated by molecular structure and modulated by environment, which can limit utility. We report a series of tuned spontaneously blinking dyes with duty cycles that span two orders of magnitude, allowing facile SMLM in cells and dense biomolecular structures...

UNLABELLED: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) strains belonging to the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 (RT027) group have been associated with increased transmissibility and disease severity. In addition to the major toxin A and toxin B virulence factors, RT027 strains also encode the CDT binary toxin. Our lab previously identified a toxigenic RT027 isolate, ST1-75, that is avirulent in mice despite densely colonizing the colon. Here, we show that co-infecting mice with the avirulent ST1-75 and virulent R20291 strains protects mice from colitis due to rapid clearance of the virulent strain and persistence of the avirulent strain...

BACKGROUND: Brooding is a critical symptom and prognostic factor of major depressive disorder (MDD), which involves passively dwelling on self-referential dysphoria and related abstractions. The neurobiology of brooding remains under characterized. We aimed to elucidate neural dynamics underlying brooding, and explore their responses to neurofeedback intervention in MDD. METHODS: We investigated functional MRI (fMRI) dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) in 36 MDD subjects and 26 healthy controls (HCs) during rest and brooding...

Cell segmentation is the fundamental task. Only by segmenting, can we define the quantitative spatial unit for collecting measurements to draw biological conclusions. Deep learning has revolutionized 2D cell segmentation, enabling generalized solutions across cell types and imaging modalities. This has been driven by the ease of scaling up image acquisition, annotation and computation. However 3D cell segmentation, which requires dense annotation of 2D slices still poses significant challenges. Labelling every cell in every 2D slice is prohibitive...

The posterior "tail" region of the striatum receives dense innervation from sensory brain regions and has been demonstrated to play a role in behaviors that require sensorimotor integration including discrimination 1,2 , avoidance 3 and defense 4 responses. The output neurons of the striatum, the D1 and D2 striatal projection neurons (SPNs) that make up the direct and indirect pathways, respectively, are thought to play differential roles in these behavioral responses, although it remains unclear if or how these neurons display differential responsivity to sensory stimuli...

All multicellular systems produce and dynamically regulate extracellular matrices (ECM) that play important roles in both biochemical and mechanical signaling. Though the spatial arrangement of these extracellular assemblies is critical to their biological functions, visualization of ECM structure is challenging, in part because the biomolecules that compose the ECM are difficult to fluorescently label individually and collectively. Here, we present a cell-impermeable small molecule fluorophore, termed Rhobo6, that turns on and red shifts upon reversible binding to glycans...

Sclerosing mesenteritis, a rare fibroinflammatory disease affecting the mesentery, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its varied clinical manifestations and unknown etiology. We present a case of a 50-year-old female presenting with epigastric pain and weight loss, initially suspected of abdominal malignancy. Imaging revealed a mesenteric mass, and histopathological examination confirmed dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with storiform fibrosis, along with elevated serum IgG4 levels, indicative of IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis...

Electrospun nanofibers have been widely employed in bone tissue engineering for their ability to mimic the micro to nanometer scale network of the native bone extracellular matrix. However, the dense fibrous structure and limited mechanical support of these nanofibers pose challenges for the treatment of critical size bone defects. In this study, we propose a facile approach for creating a three-dimensional scaffold using interconnected electrospun nanofibers containing melatonin (Scaffold@MT). The hypothesis posited that the sponge-like Scaffold@MT could potentially enhance bone regeneration and angiogenesis by modulating mitochondrial energy metabolism...

In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 % neutral buffered formalin (10 % NBF), 4 % glutaric dialdehyde (4 % GD), and 4 % paraformaldehyde (4 % PFA)) was investigated to provide a valuable reference for the selection of fixatives during the histological evaluation of Mg implants. Through the hydrogen evolution test, pH test, and corrosion morphology and product characterization, it was found that corrosion proceeded slowest in the EA and 85 % EA groups, slightly faster in 4 % GD, faster in 10 % NBF, and fastest in 4 % PFA...

Wurfbainia villosa var. villosa is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine under the family Zingiberaceae, and its ripe fruits (called Fructus Amomi) are widely used clinically for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders (Yang et al. 2023; Chen et al. 2023). In September 2023, plants of W. villosa var. villosa exhibited anthracnose-like symptoms on leaf with a disease incidence of 35% (n = 100 investigated plants) in an approximately 90 m2 field in Guangning, China (N23°42'51.70″, E112°26'35...

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on non-canonical pathway of hepatocellular pyroptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal diet group ( n =15) and a high fat modeling group ( n =45). The rats in the high fat modeling group were fed with customized high fat diet for 8 weeks to establish NAFLD model. Thirty successfully modeled rats were selected and randomly divided into a model group ( n =10), an EA group ( n =10) and a non-acupoint with shallow needling group ( n =10), and 10 rats were randomly selected from the normal diet group as the control group additionally...