PGC-1 alpha

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria dysfunction is one of the major causes of insulin resistance, and other countless complications of obesity. PGC-1α, and UCP-2 play key roles in energy expenditure regulation in the mitochondrial thermogenesis. However, the effects of bariatric surgery on the level of PGC-1α and UCP-2 and their relationships are unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on key pathways in energy, and to assess the potential predictive role of body composition and metabolic parameters in this regard...

High-altitude exposure has been linked to cardiac dysfunction. Silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (sirtuin 1, SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, plays a crucial role in regulating numerous cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between SIRT1 and cardiac dysfunction induced by hypobaric hypoxia (HH) remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the impact of SIRT1 on HH-induced cardiac dysfunction and delve into the underlying mechanisms, both in vivo and in vitro...

Recent studies are identified the mitochondria as critical targets of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) induced neurotoxicity. This study aimed at examining the impact of PBDE-47 exposure on mitochondrial translation, and its subsequent effect on PBDE-47 neurotoxicity. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model and neuroendocrine pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were adopted for the measurements of mitochondrial ATP levels, mitochondrial translation products, and expressions of important mitochondrial regulators, such as required meiotic nuclear division 1 (RMND1), estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α)...

BACKGROUND: High-salt diet (HSD) is a pivotal risk factor for osteoporosis (OP). Accumulating evidence has supported that tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a naturally produced hydrophilic bile acid, exerts positive effects on the treatment of OP. This study is committed to shedding light on the impacts of TUDCA on high salt-treated osteoblasts and probing into its underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the viability of osteoblasts...

To probe the functions of Aster glehni (AG) extract containing various caffeoylquinic acids on dyslipidemia, obesity, and skeletal muscle-related diseases focused on the roles of skeletal muscle, we measured the levels of biomarkers involved in oxidative phosphorylation and type change of skeletal muscle in C2 C12 cells and skeletal muscle tissues from apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. After AG extract treatment in cell and animal experiments, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to estimate the levels of proteins that participated in skeletal muscle type change and oxidative phosphorylation...

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer agent. However, the clinical outcomes of DOX-based therapies are severely hampered by their significant cardiotoxicity. PURPOSE: We investigated the beneficial effects of an ethanol extract of Cirsium setidens (CSE) on DOX-induced cardiomyotoxicity (DICT). METHODS: UPLC-TQ/MS analysis was used to identify CSE metabolite profiles. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were used to evaluate the effects of CSE on DICT-induced cell death...

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysregulation in skeletal myocytes is considered a major factor in aged sarcopenia. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) on Sestrin2-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in aged skeletal muscles. METHODS: C2C12 myoblasts were stimulated by 50 μM 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) to observe the changes of DNA damage, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), mitochondrial ROS and PGC-1α protein...

We previously showed that mice with knockout in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) gene encoding the PGC-1α protein, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2) gene, exhibited some features of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotype. To further explore the mechanism behind the involvement of PGC-1α in AMD pathogenesis we used young (3-month) and old (12-month) mice with knockout in the PPARGC1A gene and age-matched wild-type (WT) animals...

Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and α-syn cytotoxicity are hallmarks of sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent enhancement of the expression of the 20S proteasome core particles (20S CPs) and regulatory particles (RPs) increases proteasome activity, which can promote α-syn clearance in PD. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) may reduce oxidative stress by strongly inducing Nrf2 gene expression...

This study examined the synergistic effects of combining Rhodiola rosea (RHO) and caffeine (CAF) supplementation on muscle endurance and explosiveness in SD rats and human subjects, encompassing individuals without prior exercise training experience and seasoned aerobic athletes. Male SD rats and healthy human volunteers were randomly divided into four groups: CAF, RHO, CAF + RHO, and a control group (CTR). Nutritional supplements were administered throughout the training period, and pre-and post-measurement data were collected...

The imbalance between pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) may modulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype by altering mitochondrial activity. This study aimed to investigate the role of the PGC-1α agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) in modulating sepsis-induced ALI. A mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)...

Dysregulation of key transcription factors involved in hepatic energy metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), has been observed in T2DM. The present study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on liver enzyme levels and the levels of PGC-1α and LXRα proteins in hepatocytes, in a rat model of T2DM. The study involved 56 male Wistar rats, divided into two groups: one was non-diabetic and acted as a control group (n = 8), and the other had induced diabetes (n = 48)...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and devastating complication of diabetes, for which effective therapies are currently lacking. Disturbed energy status plays a crucial role in DPN pathogenesis. However, the integrated profile of energy metabolism, especially the central carbohydrate metabolism, remains unclear in DPN. Here, we developed a metabolomics approach by targeting 56 metabolites using high-performance ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPIC-MS/MS) to illustrate the integrative characteristics of central carbohydrate metabolism in patients with DPN and streptozotocin-induced DPN rats...

How bacterial pathogens exploit host metabolism to promote immune tolerance and persist in infected hosts remains elusive. To achieve this, we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), a recalcitrant pathogen, utilizes the quorum sensing (QS) signal 2-aminoacetophenone (2-AA). Here, we unveil how 2-AA-driven immune tolerization causes distinct metabolic perturbations in macrophages' mitochondrial respiration and bioenergetics. We found that the 2-AA tolerization impairs oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), leading to decreased generation of the crucial energy metabolite ATP and histone acetylation acetyl-CoA...

PURPOSE: Liver fibrosis is a critical health issue with limited treatment options. This study investigates the potential of PGC-Sec, a secretome derived from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-overexpressing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), as a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis. METHODS: Upon achieving a cellular confluence of 70%-80%, ASCs were transfected with pcDNA-PGC-1α. PGC-Sec, obtained through concentration of conditioned media using ultrafiltration units with a 3-kDa cutoff, was assessed through in vitro assays and in vitro mouse models...

Multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). However, interventions targeting these pathological processes alone remain clinically ineffective. Therefore, it is essential to identify new therapeutic targets for alleviating cardiac dysfunction after MI. Here, gain- and loss-of-function approaches were used to investigate the role of reticulon 3 (RTN3) in HF after MI. We found that RTN3 was elevated in the myocardium of patients with HF and mice with MI...

Currently, there is no effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), and the regenerative treatment of neural stem cells (NSCs) is considered the most promising method. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of NSCs on neurons in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) model of PD. We first found that injecting NSCs into the subarachnoid space relieved motor dysfunction in PD cynomolgus monkeys, as well as reduced dopaminergic neuron loss and neuronal damage in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum...

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of selenium (Se) supplementation on glycemic control is disparate. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of different dosages of Se diets on the blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, db/db) and normal (db/m) mice. METHODS: The db/db and db/m mice were fed with different dosages of Se supplemented diets (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 mg/kg) for 12 weeks, respectively. Se concentrations of tissues, physical and biochemical characteristics, oxidative stress indexes and gene expression related to glucose, lipid metabolism and Se transporters of liver were detected...

SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine signaling are indispensable for cell migration, especially the Primordial Germ Cell (PGC) migration towards the gonadal ridge during early development. We earlier found that this signaling is largely conserved in the Japanese anchovy ( Engraulis japonicus , EJ), and a mere treatment of CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, leads to germ cell depletion and thereafter gonad sterilization. However, the effect of AMD3100 was limited. So, in this research, we scouted for CXCR4 antagonist with higher potency by employing advanced artificial intelligence deep learning-based computer simulations...

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal women are more prone to develop muscle weakness, which is strongly associated with impairment of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. This study aimed to examine the impact of a passive exercise modality, whole-body vibration training (WBVT), on muscle mitochondrial function in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, in comparison with 17β-estradiol (E2 ) replacement. METHODS: Female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups: sham operation control group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX), OVX with E2 supplement group (OVX+E), and OVX with WBVT group (OVX+W)...