Syphilis

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INTRODUCTION: Men who have sex with men (MSM), especially those living with HIV, are at an increased risk of anal cancer. The prevalence and incidence of its precursor, anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), among MSM who started antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV acquisition are yet to be explored. METHODS: Participants in an acute HIV acquisition cohort in Bangkok, Thailand, who agreed to take part in this study, were enrolled. All participants were diagnosed and started antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV acquisition...

BACKGROUND: Infection with Treponema pallidum instigates complex immune responses. Prior research has suggested that persistent Treponema pallidum infection can manipulate host immune responses and circumvent host defenses. However, the precise role of immune cells in Treponema pallidum infection across different stages remains a contentious issue. METHODS: Utilizing summary data from genome-wide association studies, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization method to investigate the association between 731 immunophenotypes and syphilis...

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BACKGROUND: High-speed global travel, increased trade, world population growth, migration, urbanisation and climate change have favoured the emergence and spread of pathogens. We aimed to analyse the evolution of imported infections in Spain during 2012-2022 and the potential impact of some of the abovementioned factors on differential morbidity patterns. METHODS: In this retrospective study (January/2012 to December/2022), we analysed data collected by the +Redivi network across 25 health centres...

BACKGROUND: Syphilis co-infection among pregnant people living with HIV (PLH) may worsen pregnancy outcomes. We evaluated the impact of syphilis co-infection on pregnancies in south Brazil. METHODS: Data was extracted from hospital records between 1/1/2008 -12/31/2018. Preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW < 2500 g), and a composite adverse infant outcome [AIO: HIV vertical transmission, loss to follow-up before HIV diagnosis (LTFU), stillbirth, congenital syphilis] were evaluated among pregnancies without HIV and syphilis (PWOH+S), PLH mono-infection, syphilis mono-infection (PLS), and PLH with syphilis (PLH + S)...

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BACKGROUND: The United States (US) has seen a > 40% increase in syphilis cases since 2017. Early disease identification and treatment are crucial. This review sought to identify emergency department (ED) patients at risk for syphilis. METHODS: A 30-day retrospective review was conducted of visits to a single ED. Patient visits were assessed for pre-determined syphilis 'flags' to include history of sexually transmitted infection (STI), current chief complaint (CC) or reason for visit (RFV) keyword(s) suggestive of potential STI, or positive pregnancy test...

A 69-year-old right-handed man with a history of substance use disorder, hypertension, and diabetes presented to the emergency department in an unresponsive state. Upon examination, apart from tachycardia (heart rate, 108 beats per minute), vital signs were within normal ranges (blood pressure, 134/102 mm Hg; temperature, 97.9 ºF (36.6 ºC); respiratory rate, 16 per minute; oxygen saturation, 96%). The patient had a Glasgow coma scale score of 8. Otherwise, the physical examination revealed no abnormalities...

INTRODUCTION: Combined prevention (CP) is considered the key strategy against the HIV epidemic. The objective of the study was to evaluate the perception of risk of HIV infection and the knowledge about the use of antiretrovirals (ARV) for prevention, among patients who attend a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) clinic. METHODS: A survey on personal data and perception of risk of HIV infection, knowledge about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), was administered to patients at the time of applying doses of penicillin for the treatment of syphilis, or when taking a blood sample for STI diagnosis, between May and December, 2022...

Reaching a diagnosis of a cutaneous eruption in a Crohn's disease (CD) patient treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) can be challenging. Differential diagnosis must include extra-intestinal manifestations of CD, adverse reactions to the therapy itself as well as infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations. We report the case of a 28-year-old man on infliximab for Crohn's colitis, who presented with painless, non-pruritic genital and body exanthema. After a thorough evaluation, early secondary syphilis was confirmed with a fluorescent treponemal antibodies-absorbed test...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Congenital infections are a common but often underrecognized cause of fetal brain abnormalities, as well as fetal-neonatal morbidity and mortality, that should be considered by all healthcare professionals providing neurological care to fetuses and newborns. Maternal infection with various pathogens (cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasmosis, Rubella virus, Parvovirus B19, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, syphilis, Zika virus, varicella zoster virus) during pregnancy can be transmitted to the developing fetus, which can cause multisystem dysfunction and destructive or malformative central nervous system lesions...

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We present the case of a 35-year-old male with a first-degree family history of gastric cancer (his father was diagnosed at the age of 45), who was presumed to have gastric cancer himself when evaluating the features of his upper endoscopy performed after hematemesis. Surprisingly, no cancer cells were found in the biopsies. Thanks to a different diagnostic suspicion subsequent to performing a full clinical history, a more favorable diagnosis was reached: gastric syphilis.

PURPOSE: Syphilis is a "Great Masquerader" because of its versatile clinical manifestations. We aim to report a patient whose first presentation was with presumed autoimmune hepatitis. Fulminant retinitis subsequently ensued, thus enabling correct diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Case description. RESULTS: A 62-year-old male presented with bilateral drop in vision. One month earlier, right eye (RE) arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy was suspected because of severe headache, sudden drop in vision, relative afferent pupillary defect, and elevated inflammatory markers...

BACKGROUND: There are no narrative or systematic reviews of hearing loss in patients with congenital syphilis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform a scoping review to determine what is known about the incidence, characteristics, prognosis, and therapy of hearing loss in children or adults with presumed congenital syphilis. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: PROSPERO, OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CDSR and Central), Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global, and SCOPUS were searched from inception to March 31, 2023...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation on bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) occurrence (overall; chlamydia; gonorrhea; syphilis), in MSM. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus without language restrictions until 1 February 2023. We sought studies reporting data for the estimation of incidence rate ratios (IRR), prevalence ratios or cumulative incidence ratios (the latter in equal time periods before and after PrEP initiation) regarding bacterial STI occurrence...

The dental treatment of patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC) may be challenging for dentists. This study aimed to characterize systemic changes in patients with OOPSCC undergoing dental treatment prior to cancer therapy, with a specific focus on laboratory assessments. The primary objectives included identifying potential adverse events, such as infections or bleeding, resulting from dental procedures. Additionally, the study aimed to correlate baseline patient characteristics with treatment-related toxicities...