Gastrointestional

BACKGROUND: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infections and chronic gastrointestional infections. However, the risks of FMT and the selection process of suitable donors remain insufficiently characterized. The eligibility rate for screening, underlying microbial basis, and core ethical issues of stool donors for FMT are yet to be elucidated in China. RESULTS: The potential stool donors were screened from December 2017 to December 2019 with the help of an online survey, clinical assessments, and stool and blood testing...

BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread of laparoscopic technique in hepatobiliary tumor resection, nearly all Klatskin tumor resection is undertaken using an open approach (Marino et al. in Updates Surg 72(3):911-912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00777-8 ; Sucandy et al. in Am Surg, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003134820956336 , Am Surg, 2020;86(3):200-207; Luberice et al. in HPB (Oxford), 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2020.10.008 ; Ciria et al. in J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2020...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association between sugammadex use and the occurrence of delayed passage of first flatus and oral intake tolerance following open pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS: We reviewed consecutive patients who underwent open PD between 2015 and 2019; subsequently, they were divided into the sugammadex (group S) and neostigmine with anticholinergics (group N) groups based on the reversal agent used. We performed stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis to adjust for baseline differences between the groups...

In this multimedia article, we demonstrate transabdominal robotic enucleation of a large, multilobulated leiomyoma at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). The robotic platform provides stereoscopic visualization and wristed motion, which improved ease of an organ-sparing resection in a challenging anatomic location. Alternative minimally invasive approaches to tumors in this location have been reported including endoscopic, endoscopic with laparoscopic assistance, laparoscopic, and thoracoscopic approaches, with choice of approach dependent upon the location and configuration of the tumor Milito et al...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is commonly used in Asia for resection of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps (LNPCPs) and early (T1) colorectal cancers. It allows for en bloc removal and is often curative. We describe outcomes of colorectal ESD from a United States (US) academic medical center and compare this to international experiences. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed of colonic lesions referred to the University of Chicago Medical Center for ESD from 2012 to 2020...

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is considered by a large percentage of bariatric surgeons' the operation of choice for obesity surgery as reported by Melvin (J Gastrointest Surg. 4:398-400, 2004). It is considered a generally safe procedure with a low percentage of complications. One of these complications is small bowel obstruction which has different etiologies. A rare cause of intestinal obstruction is intussusception at the entero-enterostomy as reported by Arapis et al. (Surg Obes Relat Dis...

BACKGROUND: Lactic acid fermentation is a natural way to increase the bioactive and functional properties of fruit and vegetable juices. In this study, the in vitro gastrointestional digestion of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of mixed vegetable juice was investigated as affected by fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and non-thermal treatments (ultraviolet (UV) and/or ultrasonic (US) treatment). For this purpose heat, US, UV or US/UV treated vegetable juice samples were fermented by probiotic L...

Mechanotransduction, the encoding of local mechanical stresses and strains at sensory endings into neural action potentials at the viscera, plays a critical role in evoking visceral pain, e.g., in the distal colon and rectum (colorectum). The wall of the colorectum is structurally heterogeneous, including two major composites: the inner consists of muscular and submucosal layers, and the outer consists of circular muscular, intermuscular, longitudinal muscular, and serosal layers. In fact the colorectum presents biomechanical heterogenity across both the longitudinal and through-thickness directions thus highlighting the differential roles of sensory nerve endings within different regions of the colorectum in visceral mechanotransduction...

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells in response to targeted therapy. Decreased glycolytic activity with enhanced mitochondrial respiration secondary to imatinib has been shown in imatinib-sensitive gastrointestional stromal tumors (GIST). However, the role of energy metabolism in imatinib-resistant GIST remains poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the effect of imatinib treatment on glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as the effect of inhibition of these energy metabolisms on cell viability in imatinib-resistant and -sensitive GIST cell lines...

The present letter to editor is related to "Cui WQ, Wang ST, Pan D, Chang B, Sang LX. Caffeine and its main targets of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12(2): 149-172 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i2.149]".

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a novel weight loss procedure that reduces the size of the stomach using an endoscopic suturing device. There are severe adverse events that have been reported following ESG (Brethauer et al. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 6:689-94, 2010; Abu Dayyeh et al. Gastrointest Endosc. 78:530-5, 2013; Nava et al. Endoscopy. 47:449-52, 2015; Nava et al. Endosc Int Open. 4(2):E222-7, 2016). However, complications like gastric perforation following ESG have not been reported...

S100A14 is one of the new members of the multi-functional S100 protein family. Expression of S100A14 is highly heterogeneous among normal human tissues, suggesting that the regulation of S100A14 expression and its function may be tissue- and context-specific. Compared to the normal counterparts, S100A14 mRNA and protein levels have been found to be deregulated in several cancer types, indicating a functional link between S100A14 and malignancies. Accordingly, S100A14 is functionally linked with a number of key signaling molecules such as p53, p21, MMP1, MMP9, MMP13, RAGE, NF-kB, JunB, actin and HER2...

The citation for Reference 22 should be replaced with: Kumar NL, Kugener G, Perencevich ML, et al (2018) The SAFE-T assessment tool: derivation and validation of a web-based application for point-of-care evaluation of gastroenterology fellow performance in colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 87(1):262-269.

BACKGROUND: Implanted vascular access devices (IVADs) have significantly improved the management of cancer patients. These patients are at an increased risk of venous thromboembolism and IVADs are a known risk factor. We sought to assess the incidence of IVAD-related upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (IVAD-related UEDVT) associated with BioFlo® IVADs (Angiodynamics, Inc.). METHODS: A total of 394 cancer patients were enrolled over 12 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of IVAD-related UEDVT confirmed by diagnostic imaging...

BACKGROUND: Adequate nutrients early in life promote cognitive development and are critical for proper growth and functioning. The effect of individual nutrients consumed through food is often not the same as consuming the same nutrients in supplementary form due to 'food synergy', the biological and chemical interrelations that occur between nutrients. Animal-source foods, such as eggs, meat, fish, and dairy, are energy dense and contain multiple micronutrients and essential fatty acids with high bioavailability...

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy is technically challenging secondary to poor exposure of the surgical field and difficulty with controlling hemorrhage during deeper parenchymal transection Cho et al., Surgery 158:135-141, 2015; Lee et al., Surgery 160:1219-1226, 2016. We present laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy using the Glissonean approach and a modified liver hanging maneuver. METHODS: A 57-year-old man presented with a single mass in segment 7 of the liver...

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of many gastric surgery techniques to reduce obesity and its associated comorbidities, most of these procedures can result in life-threatening conditions including lifetime chronic illnesses and death. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have been reported to improve obesity-related comorbidities such as T2DM, but the long-term efficacy of these two procedures is unknown, and their significant impact on long-term weight loss was diminished by complications as reported in previous studies...

There are now 354 inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs)) with 344 distinct molecular etiologies reported according to the International Union of Immunological Sciences (IUIS) (Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 11: p. 1050-63, 2013, Semin Gastrointest Dis 8: p. 22-32, 1997, J Clin Immunol 38: p. 96-128, 2018). Using the IUIS document as a reference and cross-checking PubMed ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.pubmed.gov ), we found that approximately one third of the 354 diseases of impaired immunity have a gastrointestinal component [J Clin Immunol 38: p...

[This corrects the article on p. 261 in vol. 7, PMID: 27158542.].

We develop a mathematical model of a salivary gland acinar cell with the objective of investigating the role of two [Formula: see text] exchangers from the solute carrier family 4 (Slc4), Ae2 (Slc4a2) and Ae4 (Slc4a9), in fluid secretion. Water transport in this type of cell is predominantly driven by [Formula: see text] movement. Here, a basolateral [Formula: see text] adenosine triphosphatase pump (NaK-ATPase) and a [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] cotransporter (Nkcc1) are primarily responsible for concentrating the intracellular space with [Formula: see text] well above its equilibrium potential...