trophoblastic disease hormone

The placenta is a dynamic organ which must perform a remarkable variety of functions during its relatively short existence in order to support a developing fetus. These functions include nutrient delivery, gas exchange, waste removal, hormone production, and immune barrier functions. Proper placenta development and function is critical for healthy pregnancy outcomes, but the underlying genomic regulatory events that control this process remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that mapping sites of transcriptional enhancer activity and associated changes in gene expression across gestation in human placenta tissue would identify genomic loci and predicted transcription factor activity related to critical placenta functions...

BACKGROUND: Sacituzumab govitecan demonstrated significant progression-free survival benefit over chemotherapy in the phase 3 TROPiCS-02 trial in patients with pretreated, endocrine-resistant hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+ and HER2-) metastatic breast cancer with limited treatment options. Here, we report the protocol-specified final analysis of overall survival and endpoints by trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) expression and other variables...

INTRODUCTION: Maternal prenatal psychological stress is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of adverse health outcomes in children. While the molecular mechanisms that govern these associations has not been fully teased apart, stress-induced changes in placental function can drive sex-specific phenotypes in offspring. We sought to identify and examine molecular pathways in the placenta that are altered in response to maternal prenatal stress. METHODS: We previously employed a mouse model of maternal prenatal stress where pregnant dams were treated with stress hormone (CORT) beginning in mid-gestation...

Preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are pregnancy-specific complications, which affect maternal health and fetal outcomes. Currently, clinical and pathological studies have shown that placenta homeostasis is affected by these two maternal diseases. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the heterogeneous changes in cell types in placental tissue-isolated from cesarean section by single-cell sequencing, including those patients diagnosed with PE (n = 5), GDM (n = 5) and healthy control (n = 5)...

The invasion of human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells is a critical event required for a successful pregnancy. Amphiregulin, a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has been shown to stimulate cell invasion in an immortalized human EVT cell line, HTR-8/SVneo. The with-no-lysine kinase 1 (WNK1) is involved in regulating cell invasion. It is known that WNK1 is expressed in the human placenta, but its role in human EVT cells remains unknown. In the present study, we show that AREG treatment phosphorylated WNK1 at Thr60 in both HTR-8/SVneo and primary human EVT cells...

The placenta-secreted human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that plays a critical role in inducing ovarian progesterone production, which is required for maintaining normal pregnancy. The bioavailability of hCG depends on the expression of the beta-subunit of hCG (hCG-β) which is encoded by the chorionic gonadotropin beta (CGB) gene. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a membrane estrogen receptor involved in non-genomic estrogen signaling. Estradiol (E2) has been shown to stimulate hCG production...

INTRODUCTION: Maternal prenatal stress is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and predisposition to long-term adverse health outcomes in children. While the molecular mechanisms that govern these associations has not been fully teased apart, stress-induced changes in placental function can drive sex-specific phenotypes in offspring. We sought to identify and examine molecular pathways in the placenta that are altered in response to maternal prenatal stress. METHODS: Using a mouse model of maternal prenatal stress, we conducted RNA-seq analysis of whole placenta at E18...

The human placenta is a transient organ that functions to support the needs of the fetus throughout gestation. Trophoblasts are the major epithelial cells found within the placenta and comprise a variety of distinct cell types with specialized roles in fetal-maternal communication. Our understanding of human trophoblast development remains limited due to ethical and legal restrictions on accessing first-trimester placental tissues, as well as the inability of common animal models to replicate primate placental development...

Hydatidiform mole, complete or partial (CHM/PHM), is the most common type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which is characterized by excessive trophoblastic proliferation and abnormal embryonic development. Some patients present with sporadic or familiar recurrent hydatidiform moles (RHMs), which are characterized by two or more episodes of the disease. A healthy 36-year-old woman was admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, because of RHMs at 6 weeks of amenorrhea, with an obstetrical anamnesis of RHMs...

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a potential multisystemic disease in the middle and late pregnancy. Although its precise etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown, it is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and newborns. This study explored the effects of the miR-378a-3p/CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3 (CMTM3) upon the trophoblast biological functions in PE. METHODS: The placental pathology of PE were identified by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and miR-378a-3p expression in placental tissues of PE was verified by RT-qPCR...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication in pregnant women. The growth and differentiation of trophoblast cells determine the function of the placenta, and therefore further affect the transport of nutrients to the fetus. lncRNA Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 144 N-Terminal-Like antisense1 (CCDC144NL-AS1) was reported to be abnormally expressed in GDM, but its function and mechanism remain undefined. This study aimed to reveal the expression of CCDC144NL-AS1 in GDM and evaluate its significance in disease development...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the single-agent chemotherapy actinomycin D on ovarian reserve by measuring the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels before, during, and after chemotherapy. METHODS: This study recruited premenopausal women aged 15 to 45 with a newly diagnosed low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia needing actinomycin D. AMH was measured at baseline, during chemotherapy, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the last chemotherapy. The reproductive outcomes were also documented...

BACKGROUND: In women, placental corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) can be detected in maternal blood throughout pregnancy and is important in the regulation of the timing of parturition. However, its role in other mammalian species is unclear. In fact, very little is known about the presence and localization of CRH in placentas other than human. In this study we report for the first time the presence of CRH in feline placenta and maternal serum. METHODS: Presence of CRH mRNA and protein was assessed using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, in at term domestic cat placentas opportunistically obtained at a local animal shelter and spay clinic...

Pathologies associated with uteroplacental hypoxia, such as preeclampsia are among the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity in the world. Its fundamental mechanisms are yet poorly understood due to a lack of good experimental models. Here we report an in vitro model of the placental barrier, based on co-culture of trophoblasts and endothelial cells against a collagen extracellular matrix in a microfluidic platform. The model yields a functional syncytium with barrier properties, polarization, secretion of relevant extracellular membrane components, thinning of the materno-fetal space, hormone secretion, and transporter function...

One of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy is preeclampsia (PE), a disease associated with a high risk of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Although its etiology remains unknown, the placenta is believed to be at the center of ongoing changes. One of the hormones produced by the placenta is chromogranin A (CgA). Thus far, its role in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders is enigmatic, yet it is known that both CgA and its derived peptide catestatin (CST) are involved in the majority of the processes that are disturbed in PE, such as blood pressure regulation or apoptosis...

STUDY QUESTION: How does an altered maternal hormonal environment, such as that seen during superovulation with gonadotropins in ART, impact human uterine immune cell distribution and function during the window of implantation? SUMMARY ANSWER: Hormonal stimulation with gonadotropins alters abundance of maternal immune cells including uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and reduces uNK cell ability to promote extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: An altered maternal hormonal environment, seen following ART, can lead to increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes associated with disordered placentation...

BACKGROUND: The Arias-Stella reaction is a hormone-related atypical endometrial change characterized by cytomegaly, nuclear enlargement, and hyperchromasia of endometrial glands; typically associated with intrauterine or extrauterine pregnancies or with gestational trophoblastic disease. Although differentiating the Arias-Stella reaction (ASR) from clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the endometrium is usually straightforward, but differentiating ASR might be difficult if it occurs outside the setting of pregnancy, in extra-uterine sites or in older patients...

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) form an ideal system to study the formation of placental cells, from an undifferentiated human embryonic stem cell state. The conventional human in vitro model systems to study the human placenta cannot be employed for understanding placental dysfunctions or the development of specialized placental cell types. Hence, human PSCs make an ideal model system to study human placental development and disorders. Here, we describe an efficient and validated protocol to reproducibly study the formation of human cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) and syncytiotrophoblast (STBs) from undifferentiated hPSCs...

Preeclampsia is a gestational disease characterized by two major pathological changes-shallow trophoblast invasion and impaired spiral artery remodeling. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a kind of peptide hormone that regulates blood pressure, while the lack of active ANP participates in preeclampsia pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of how ANP modulates trophoblasts function remains unclarified. Here, we performed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) in ANP-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells and identified Protein Kinase 3 (PKN3) as the downstream factor of ANP, which was downregulated in preeclamptic placenta...

The placenta is an essential organ that maintains the health of both the fetus and its mother. Understanding the development of human placenta has been hindered by the limitations of existing animal models and monolayer cell cultures. Models that can recapitulate the essential aspects of human placental multicellular components and vasculature are still lacking. Herein, we presented a new strategy to establish placenta-like organoids with vascular-like structures from human-induced pluripotent stem cells in a defined three-dimensional (3D) culture system...