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REVIEW
Alvaro Gamarra, Pablo Díez-Villanueva, Jorge Salamanca, Rio Aguilar, Patricia Mahía, Fernando Alfonso
The constant and dynamic interaction between ventricular function and arterial afterload, known as ventricular-arterial coupling, is key to understanding cardiovascular pathophysiology. Ventricular-arterial coupling has traditionally been assessed invasively as the ratio of effective arterial elastance over end-systolic elastance (Ea /Ees ), calculated from information derived from pressure-volume loops. Over the past few decades, numerous invasive and non-invasive simplified methods to estimate the elastance ratio have been developed and applied in clinical investigation and practice...
April 30, 2024: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
#82
REVIEW
Nova Yurika, Eleonora Montuori, Chiara Lauritano
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and it is estimated that 17.9 million people die of it each year. The risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are attributable to an unhealthy and sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, stress, genetic predisposition, diabetes, obesity, and aging. Marine microalgae have been the subject of numerous studies for their potential activity against several human diseases. They produce a plethora of primary and secondary metabolites such as essential nutrients, vitamins, pigments, and omega-3 fatty acid...
May 17, 2024: Marine Drugs
#83
REVIEW
Maria Elisa Giuliani, Giorgia Bigossi, Giovanni Lai, Serena Marcozzi, Dario Brunetti, Marco Malavolta
Ageing represents a main risk factor for several pathologies. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are predominant in the elderly population and often require prolonged use of multiple drugs due to their chronic nature and the high proportion of co-morbidities. Hence, research is constantly looking for novel, effective molecules to treat CVD and T2DM with minimal side effects. Marine active compounds, holding a great diversity of chemical structures and biological properties, represent interesting therapeutic candidates to treat these age-related diseases...
May 3, 2024: Marine Drugs
#84
REVIEW
Minela Aida Maranduca, Cristian Tudor Cozma, Andreea Clim, Alin Constantin Pinzariu, Ionut Tudorancea, Irene Paula Popa, Cristina Iuliana Lazar, Roxana Moscalu, Nina Filip, Mihaela Moscalu, Mihai Constantin, Dragos Viorel Scripcariu, Dragomir Nicolae Serban, Ionela Lacramioara Serban
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stands as a prominent non-communicable ailment, significantly impacting life expectancy. Physiopathology stands mainly upon the triangle represented by parathormone-Vitamin D-Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. Parathormone (PTH), the key hormone in mineral homeostasis, is one of the less easily modifiable parameters in CKD; however, it stands as a significant marker for assessing the risk of complications. The updated "trade-off hypothesis" reveals that levels of PTH spike out of the normal range as early as stage G2 CKD, advancing it as a possible determinant of systemic damage...
April 25, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
#85
REVIEW
Francesca Schinzari, Manfredi Tesauro, Carmine Cardillo
The endothelin family of peptides has long been recognized as a physiological regulator of diverse biological functions and mechanistically involved in various disease states, encompassing, among others, the cardiovascular system, the kidney, and the nervous system. Pharmacological blockade of the endothelin system, however, has encountered strong obstacles in its entry into the clinical mainstream, having obtained only a few proven indications until recently. This translational gap has been attributable predominantly to the relevant side effects associated with endothelin receptor antagonism (ERA), particularly fluid retention...
June 5, 2024: Clinical Science (1979-)
#86
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clifford J Bailey
Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) can claim its origins in the use of Galega officinalis as a plant treatment for symptoms ascribed to diabetes. Since the first clinical use of metformin as a glucose-lowering agent in 1957, this medicine has emerged as a first-line pharmacological option to support lifestyle interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It acts through multiple cellular pathways, principally in the gut, liver and muscle, to counter insulin resistance and lower blood glucose without weight gain or risk of overt hypoglycaemia...
May 24, 2024: Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
#87
REVIEW
Xiaoli Song, Qian Zhu, Lanqian Su, Lei Shi, Hao Chi, Yalan Yan, Mei Luo, Xibin Xu, Baohong Liu, Zhengyang Liu, Jin Yang
Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurovascular disorder, with women being more susceptible, characterized by unilateral throbbing headache, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and often associated with various comorbidities such as brain and cardiovascular diseases, which can have a serious impact on quality of life. Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main first-line medications for the treatment of pain, long-term use often leads to side effects and drug addiction, which emphasizes the need to investigate alternative pain management strategies with fewer adverse effects...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
#88
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fabiana Lucà, Daniela Pavan, Michele Massimo Gulizia, Maria Teresa Manes, Maurizio Giuseppe Abrignani, Francesco Antonio Benedetto, Irma Bisceglia, Silvana Brigido, Pasquale Caldarola, Raimondo Calvanese, Maria Laura Canale, Giorgio Caretta, Roberto Ceravolo, Alaide Chieffo, Cristina Chimenti, Stefano Cornara, Ada Cutolo, Stefania Angela Di Fusco, Irene Di Matteo, Concetta Di Nora, Francesco Fattirolli, Silvia Favilli, Giuseppina Maura Francese, Sandro Gelsomino, Giovanna Geraci, Simona Giubilato, Nadia Ingianni, Annamaria Iorio, Francesca Lanni, Andrea Montalto, Federico Nardi, Alessandro Navazio, Martina Nesti, Iris Parrini, Annarita Pilleri, Andrea Pozzi, Carmelo Massimiliano Rao, Carmine Riccio, Roberta Rossini, Pietro Scicchitano, Serafina Valente, Giuseppe Zuccalà, Domenico Gabrielli, Massimo Grimaldi, Furio Colivicchi, Fabrizio Oliva
It has been well assessed that women have been widely under-represented in cardiovascular clinical trials. Moreover, a significant discrepancy in pharmacological and interventional strategies has been reported. Therefore, poor outcomes and more significant mortality have been shown in many diseases. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences in drug metabolism have also been described so that effectiveness could be different according to sex. However, awareness about the gender gap remains too scarce. Consequently, gender-specific guidelines are lacking, and the need for a sex-specific approach has become more evident in the last few years...
April 2024: European Heart Journal Supplements: Journal of the European Society of Cardiology
#89
REVIEW
Soon Hye Yang, Neha Mittal, Amanda L Bell, Christian E Bell
Objective: The objective of the study is to highlight the role and safety of romosozumab in patients at high risk of fractures in primary care. Data Sources: A systemic database search of PubMed/MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library was conducted for articles with keywords romosozumab, osteoporosis, and safety between inception and July 2022. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Phase 3 trials in patients with osteoporosis were included. Data results from these trials were utilized for assessment...
June 2024: Journal of Pharmacy Technology: JPT: Official Publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians
#90
REVIEW
Rui-Rui Shi, Tian-Qi He, Meng-Si Lin, Jian Xu, Jin-Hua Gu, Hui Xu
Protein glycosylation is an extensively studied field, with the most studied forms being oxygen or nitrogen-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc or N-GlcNAc) glycosylation. Particular residues on proteins are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, which is among the most intricate post-translational modifications. Significantly contributing to an organism's proteome, it influences numerous factors affecting protein stability, function, and subcellular localization. It also modifies the cellular function of target proteins that have crucial responsibilities in controlling pathways related to the central nervous system, cardiovascular homeostasis, and other organ functions...
2024: Frontiers in Pharmacology
#91
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pierre Guilleminot, Stefan Andrei, Maxime Nguyen, Osama Abou-Arab, Emmanuel Besnier, Belaid Bouhemad, Pierre-Grégoire Guinot
Objective: We investigated the effects of the maintenance of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) the day of the surgery on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardiac events in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: We performed a multicentric observational study with propensity matching on 1,072 patients treated with ACE inhibitors. We collected their baseline demographic data, comorbidities, and operative and postoperative outcomes. AKI was defined by KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome)...
2024: Frontiers in Pharmacology
#92
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sukhwinder K Bhullar, Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin, Lorrie Kirshenbaum
Oral hormonal contraception (OHC) is a widely employed method in females for the prevention of unintended pregnancies, as well as for the treatment of menstrual disorders, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. However, it is believed that with OHCs use, some females may have higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and heart failure. Although such risks are infrequently detected in healthy young females with the use of oral contraceptives, slightly elevated risks of cardiovascular diseases have been observed among reproductive-aged healthy females...
May 23, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
#93
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin, Shuangbo Liu, Lorrie Kirshenbaum
Despite major advances in cardiac research over the past three decades, cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women and men worldwide. However, a major challenge for health care providers is that the current guidelines for cardiovascular drug therapies do not consider the impact of sex in the development of treatment plan for optimizing therapies for women. Clinical research in recent years suggests significant pharmacological and pharmacokinetic differences between females and males which have been attributed in part to differences in body composition, plasma protein binding capacity, drug metabolism and excretion...
May 23, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
#94
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alberto Conti, Marco Leorin, Irene Carlotta Bogazzi, Noemi Renzi, Giuseppe Pepe, Fabiana Frosini, Lucilla Furesi, Luca Dalla Tomasina, Paolo Pennati, Lorenzo Ghiadoni
OBJECTIVE: To verify the incidence of bleeding events in patients on ongoing anticoagulant treatment in the real world and compare the results of different reversal or repletion strategies currently available for pharmacological treatment. METHODS: Patients managed in the emergency department (ED) with major bleeding events, on ongoing anticoagulation were stratified according to bleeding site and reversal or repletion therapy with andexanet alfa (ADX), idarucizumab (IDA), prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), and vitamin K (Vit-K)...
June 1, 2024: Critical Pathways in Cardiology
#95
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rita Del Pinto, Claudia Agabiti Rosei, Antonino Di Guardo, Cristina Giannattasio, Raffaele Izzo, Alberto Mazza, Giacomo Pucci, Riccardo Sarzani, Giuliano Tocci, Franco Veglio, Massimo Volpe, Guido Grassi, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Claudio Ferri
INTRODUCTION: Several observational studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients; however, none has yet investigated prevalence, clustering, and current management of cardiovascular risk factors upon first referral to hypertension specialists, which is the aim of the present study. METHODS: Consecutive adult outpatients with essential/secondary hypertension were included at the time of their first referral to hypertension specialists at 13 Italian centers in the period April 2022-2023 if they had at least one additional major cardiovascular risk factor among LDL-hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, and cigarette smoking...
May 23, 2024: High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention: the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension
#96
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Somar Hadid, Mahmoud El Hajj, Bana Hadid, Zoya Siddiqui, Andy Wang, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the left ventricle loses its ability to relax normally, impairing ventricular filling during diastole. This most commonly occurs as a pathological sequela of left ventricular hypertrophy and remodeling due to chronic hypertension and/or age-related sclerotic changes of the aortic valve. This can subsequently deteriorate to diastolic heart failure or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. There is a substantive interplay between atrial fibrillation and diastolic dysfunction, as atrial fibrillation can cause, exacerbate, or be a direct result of diastolic dysfunction and vice versa...
May 23, 2024: Cardiology in Review
#97
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Omri Cohen, Davide Santagata, Walter Ageno
Anticoagulants have long been fundamental in preventing and treating thromboembolic disorders, with a recent shift of focus towards direct oral anticoagulants, thanks to their ease of use, efficacy, and safety. Despite these advancements, bleeding complications remain a major concern with any anticoagulant, highlighting the need for safer drugs. Factor XI (FXI) inhibitors have emerged as promising agents in this regard, offering a novel approach by targeting upstream factors in the coagulation system. Phase 2 trials have shown encouraging outcomes, indicating a reduced bleeding risk compared to traditional anticoagulants, particularly in the context of cardiovascular disease management when combined with antiplatelet therapy...
May 23, 2024: Haematologica
#98
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sonia Singh, Shiwangi Sharma
Lignans, a group of naturally occurring compounds abundant in various plant-based foods, are becoming increasingly popular due to their potential health benefits. The literature suggests that these bioactive substances can reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, such as postmenopausal colon and breast cancer. Moreover, the significance of lignans for improving cardiovascular health has been recognized, as studies have revealed a potential correlation between the intake of lignans and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease...
May 22, 2024: Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
#99
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura-Dorina Dinu, Florentina Gatea, Florentina Matei, Cristian Banciu, Emanuel Vamanu
BACKGROUND: Targeting gut dysbiosis to treat chronic diseases or to alleviate the symptoms is a new direction for medical adjuvant therapies. Recently, postbiotics have received considerable attention as they are non-viable probiotic preparations that confer various health benefits to the host without the safety problems associated with using live microbial cells. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to obtain selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) enriched Saccharomyces boulardii postbiotic biomass and to analyze its modulation effect because these minerals play an important role in reducing gut dysbiosis linked to cardiovascular (CV) diseases...
May 22, 2024: Current Vascular Pharmacology
#100
REVIEW
Olugbenga S Michael, Praghalathan Kanthakumar, Hitesh Soni, Raji Rajesh Lenin, Kumar Abhiram Jha, Rajashekhar Gangaraju, Adebowale Adebiyi
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and long-term condition marked by a gradual decline in kidney function. CKD is prevalent among those with conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Affecting over 10% of the global population, CKD stands as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite substantial advances in understanding CKD pathophysiology and management, there is still a need to explore novel mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Urotensin II (UII), a potent vasoactive peptide, has garnered attention for its possible role in the development and progression of CKD...
2024: Current research in physiology
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