Social network

Attentional reorienting is dysfunctional not only in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but also in infants who will develop ASD, thus constituting a potential causal factor of future social interaction and communication abilities. Following the research domain criteria framework, we hypothesized that the presence of subclinical autistic traits in parents should lead to atypical infants' attentional reorienting, which in turn should impact on their future socio-communication behavior in toddlerhood...

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been increasingly investigated during the last decade as a treatment option for persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, previous studies did not reach a consensus on a superior treatment protocol or stimulation target. Persons with ASD often suffer from social isolation and high rates of unemployment, arising from difficulties in social interaction. ASD involves multiple neural systems involved in perception, language, and cognition, and the underlying brain networks of these functional domains have been well documented...

Certain people occupy topological positions within social networks that enhance their effectiveness at inducing spillovers. We mapped face-to-face networks among 24,702 people in 176 isolated villages in Honduras and randomly assigned villages to targeting methods, varying the fraction of households receiving a 22-month health education package and the method by which households were chosen (randomly versus using the friendship-nomination algorithm). We assessed 117 diverse knowledge, attitude, and practice outcomes...

This systematic review will identify and synthesize the emerging evidence on older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) utilizing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to maintain, restore, or augment social networks. The systematic review will consider the evidence on contextual and personal factors of older adults with MCI and their ICT use for social connectedness. The evidence searches will be implemented in PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Medline, PubMed, and manual searches. We shall review articles that were published between January 2010 and October 2023 in English and on Information and Communication Technology utility in social networking among older adults with MCI...

We investigate the impact of left-behind experiences on the urban identity of new-generation migrant workers using data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey. The results show the following: (1) The left-behind experience is an important factor undermining the urban identity of new-generation migrant workers, and the conclusion remains consistent after robustness checks, such as propensity score matching. (2) Left-behind experiences of both parents away from home had the most significant negative impact on urban identity...

Understanding risk perception and risk-taking among youth can inform targeted prevention efforts. Using a health beliefs model-informed framework, we analysed 8 semi-structured, gender-specific focus group discussions with 93 youth 15-24 years old (48% male, 52% female), drawn from the SEARCH trial in rural Kenya and Uganda in 2017-2018, coinciding with the widespread introduction of PrEP. Highly connected social networks and widespread uptake of antiretrovirals shaped youth HIV risk perception. Amid conflicting information about HIV prevention methods, youth felt exposed to multiple HIV risk factors like the high prevalence of HIV, belief that people with HIV(PWH) purposefully infect others, dislike of condoms, and doubts about PrEP efficacy...

São Caetano do Sul, a city in southeastern Brazil, boasts exemplary social indicators and healthcare services, with a population of 162,763 and a density of 9,736.03 inhabitants/km². Allocating 25% of its budget to healthcare, the city's mental healthcare services adhere to the National Mental Health Policy. Structured services include a CAPS-II, CAPS-AD, outpatient teams, and teams in various locations. Initiatives since 2000 include inaugurating a CAPS-AD in 2006, a psychiatric emergency service in 2010, and a CAPS-II in 2016, relocating CAPS-AD in 2019, and establishing the Cuca Legal Project in 2022...

BACKGROUND: Clinical researchers increasingly embrace social media in their professional lives. The digital revolution has provided new routes for sharing data, disseminating results, and promoting the impact of scientific findings. In this study, we explored the attitude of the members of the Italian Society of Neurology for the study of dementia (SINdem) to use social media with the aim to set up possible corrective actions to maximize digitalization benefits at the individual and community levels...

Loneliness was predicted for women in three ethnocultural groups in Israel: native Jews, Israeli Arabs, and Former Soviet Union (FSU) immigrants. The study was based on Lund et al.'s (2018) conceptualization of social determinant domains of mental health disorders, as in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Social determinants were demographic, economic, social-cultural, and neighborhood factors. We examined whether ethnocultural disparities in loneliness persist when controlling for social determinants in these four domains or whether ethnic disparities are related to other forms of inequality among the three study groups, as reflected in these four domains...

INTRODUCTION: Structural social connectedness is the structure and size of a person's social network, including whether persons live with or have regular contact with others. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted structures that facilitate social connectedness. This study investigated how a person's structural social connectedness influenced diabetes self-management strategies through the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: The study followed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design...

Scientific conferences and meetings are valuable opportunities for researchers to network, communicate, and develop knowledge. For early career scientists, conferences can also be intimidating, confusing, and overwhelming, especially without having adequate preparation or experience. In this Perspective, we provide advice based on previous experiences navigating scientific meetings and conferences. These guidelines outline parts of the hidden curriculum around preparing for and attending meetings, navigating conference sessions, networking with other scientists, and participating in social activities while upholding a recommended code of conduct...

OBJECTIVE: to build and validate a simulation-based education roadmap on suicide prevention in the virtual environment. METHOD: methodological research subdivided into a development and validation stage. The roadmap was built using a previously drafted template based on international guidelines on good clinical simulation practices and scientific literature on suicide prevention in the virtual environment. For validation, the roadmap was validated by experts through self-application of an assessment form with answers based on "adequate, fair, and inadequate", with a field for suggestions...

Little is known about mothers' and children's escape from violence and its aftermath when living in secure accommodation, especially with regard to children. The aim is to investigate mothers' experiences of their escape, and their considerations regarding the well-being of their young children before or during their escape, based on 14 interviews. Using a narrative thematic analysis, the results show that the escape was often planned, but that the planning horizon varies. In many cases, the mothers' social network served as a stepping-stone during the escape, before they continued by moving to a domestic violence shelter (DVS)...

INTRODUCTION: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in motor skills, communication, emotional expression, and social interaction. Accurate diagnosis of ASD remains challenging due to the reliance on subjective behavioral observations and assessment scales, lacking objective diagnostic indicators. METHODS: In this study, we introduced a novel approach for diagnosing ASD, leveraging T1-based gray matter and ASL-based cerebral blood flow network metrics...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Caregiver-delivered programs are a recommended best practice to support young autistic children. While research has extensively explored children's outcomes quantitatively, minimal qualitative research has been conducted to understand caregivers' perspectives of program outcomes for themselves and their children. Hearing directly from caregivers is an important step in ensuring these programs are meeting the needs of those who use them. This study explored caregivers' perceived outcomes following one virtual caregiver-delivered program, The Hanen Centre's More Than Words® (MTW) program ...

Social media has become integral to contemporary society, with online behaviors impacting individual experiences and the wider community. In Bangladesh, a developing country, SNS have played a pivotal role in the nation's digitalization efforts. This study explores the relationship between social capital theory, D&M Information System Model, subjective well-being, and SNS Citizenship Behavior (SCB) among active social media users in Bangladesh. Data was collected from 418 participants through an online survey, and hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling...

BACKGROUND: Timely bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the key to improving the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Civil servants are potential bystander CPR providers. This study aimed to explore civil servants' willingness to implement CPR in Chongqing, identify the influencing factors and mechanisms affecting civil servants' willingness to perform CPR, and then seek countermeasures to improve civil servants' willingness to implement CPR. METHODS: We introduced the theory of perceived risk into the theory of planned behavior, developed a 7-point Likert scale based on the extended theory of planned behavior, and conducted a questionnaire survey on civil servants in Chongqing, China...

What do seabirds perceive about the world? How do they do so? And how do they use the information available to them to make foraging decisions? Social cues provide seabirds with information about the location of prey. This can, of course, be passive and not involve higher-order cognitive processes (e.g. simple conspecific or heterospecific attraction). However, seabirds display many behaviours that promote learning and the transmission of information between individuals: the vast majority of seabirds are colonial living, have an extended juvenile phase that affords them time to learn, routinely form intra- and interspecific associations, and can flexibly deploy a combination of foraging tactics...

Streaming data routinely generated by social networks, mobile or web applications, e-commerce, and electronic health records present new opportunities to monitor the impact of an intervention on an outcome via causal inference methods. However, most existing causal inference methods have been focused on and applied to static data, that is, a fixed data set in which observations are pooled and stored before performing statistical analysis. There is thus a pressing need to turn static causal inference into online causal learning to support near real-time monitoring of treatment effects...

BACKGROUND: Project ECHO® networks at Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service (CHQHHS) are communities of practice designed to mitigate services and systems fragmentation by building collaborative partnerships addressing priority child and youth health needs. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience the negative impacts of fragmentation in addition to historical challenges of absent or culturally inappropriate health services. Access to culturally safe and responsive services can be improved by engaging Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Workers and similar roles in an online community of practice, supporting the integration of cultural and clinical knowledge and self-determination of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander consumers in decisions affecting their health...