nutrition guidelines for geriatrics

Frailty, an age-related condition of increased vulnerability to acute endogenous or exogenous stressors, is a key barrier to successful treatment of cancer in older people. In this group of patients, assessment of frailty is required before starting a new treatment. According to guidelines, the gold standard to assess frailty in older adults with cancer is geriatric screening followed by geriatric assessment (GA) across essential GA-domains (social status, physical function, nutrition, cognition, emotion, co-morbidity, polypharmacy)...

Increasing research has been conducted on the role of probiotics in disease treatment. Kefir, a safe, low-cost probiotic fermented milk drink, has been investigated in many in vitro and animal studies, although parameters for human therapeutic dose or treatment time have not yet been determined. Here we perform a scoping review of clinical studies that have used kefir as a therapeutic agent, compiling the results for perspectives to support and direct further research. This review was based on Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, including studies on the effects of kefir-fermented milk in humans...

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine non-pharmacological interventions for helping people with dementia who experience feeding difficulties in order to improve their nutritional status. METHODS: The articles were searched using PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane. Two independent investigators critically appraised eligible studies. The PRISMA guidelines and checklist were used. The possibility of risk of bias was assessed using a tool to assess the quality of randomised control trials (RCT) and non-RCT studies...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between preoperative nutritional status, frailty, sarcopenia, body composition, and anthropometry in geriatric inpatients undergoing major pancreatic and biliary surgery. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the database from December 2020 to September 2022 in the department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, Beijing Hospital. Basal data, anthropometry, and body composition were recorded. NRS 2002, GLIM, FFP 2001, and AWGS 2019 criteria were performed...

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of combining nutritional and physical activity (PA) factors on four different categories, according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia and central obesity. METHODS: From the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2971 older adults aged ≥ 65 years were included and divided into four groups based on their sarcopenia and central obesity status: healthy control (39...

Increased life expectancy is posing unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. These include a sharp increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and of impaired nutritional status with malnutrition-protein-energy wasting (PEW) that portends worse clinical outcomes, including reduced survival. In older adults with CKD, a nutritional dilemma occurs when indications from geriatric nutritional guidelines to maintain the protein intake above 1.0 g/kg/day to prevent malnutrition need to be adapted to the indications from nephrology guidelines, to reduce protein intake in order to prevent or slow CKD progression and improve metabolic abnormalities...

Advances in the medical field and healthcare sector during the last few decades have resulted in increased longevity. Increased lifespans have in turn led to a rapid global rise of the elderly population. However, ensuring the health and quality of life, especially in the context of chronic age-related ailments, among the growing geriatric population is a challenge. Ageing is associated with several changes in body composition including a decline in the lean body mass usually accompanied by an increase in body fat content which have a bearing on the nutrient requirements for the elderly...

BACKGROUND: Education about malnutrition in older adults is often lacking in the curricula of healthcare professionals. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are an innovative form of education that can potentially improve the knowledge of healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVES: (1) to describe the development of a MOOC on malnutrition in older adults and (2) to evaluate the MOOC on the basis of knowledge gained. DESIGN: The MOOC was developed by following a structured approach...

A previous study conducted more than 15 years ago in Israel found a high overall use of tube-feeding for institutionalized end-stage dementia patients (52%) and a proportionally higher use (2:1) of naso-gastric tube (NG) over Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tubes for enteral feeding. This rate was markedly higher than that observed in other western countries (4.9-34%), and did not conform with clinical guidelines preferring spoon-feeding over tube-feeding for these patients, and PEG over NG for those in whom tube-feeding was initiated in long-term care...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and frailty, and determine whether co-existent MetS and frailty affect disability-free survival (DFS), assessed through a composite of death, dementia or physical disability. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling older adults from Australia and the United States (n=18,264) from "ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly" (ASPREE) study...

As life expectancy increases, the older population continues to grow rapidly, resulting in increased requirement for surgery for older patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Older individuals represent a heterogeneous group in terms of physiological reserves, co-morbidity, cognitive impairment, and disability. Owing to the lack of treatment guidelines for vulnerable patients with gastrointestinal cancer, these patients are more likely to be at risk of undertreatment or overtreatment. Hence, the identification of frail patients with gastrointestinal cancer would improve cancer treatment outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Geriatric assessment (GA) is recommended to detect vulnerabilities for elderly cancer patients. To assess whether results of GA actually influence the treatment recommendations, we conducted a case vignette-based study in medical oncologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy oncologists gave their medical treatment recommendations for a maximum of 4 out of 10 gastrointestinal cancer patients in three steps: (i) based on tumor findings alone to simulate the guideline recommendation for a '50-year-old standard patient without comorbidities'; (ii) for the same situation in elderly patients (median age 77...

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies suggest that diet plays an important role in regulating aging processes and modulates the development of the most important age-related diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between nutrition and critical age-associated diseases. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to survey recent pre-clinical and clinical findings related to the role of nutritional factors in modulation of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and their role in prevention of the genesis of the diseases of aging...

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a major component of geriatric syndrome and associated with poor clinical outcomes and mortality. However, diagnosing sarcopenia in the very elderly is difficult, and data on its epidemiology and devastating effects in this group are scarce. Phase angle (PA) is measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy and known to reflect cellular integrity and health. This study aimed to clarify the impact of sarcopenia and PA on mortality risk in very elderly people living in long-term care facilities...

Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs during aging and may play a role, by distinct mechanisms, in the loss of intrinsic capacity (IC), operationalized through five domains: locomotion, psychological, cognition, vitality/nutrition, and sensory (hearing, vision). The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the associations between mitochondrial function and IC domains. This study is a narrative review of original investigations (any study design) on the relationship of mitochondrial function in humans with locomotion (e...

BACKGROUND: Ketosis has been exploited for its neuroprotective impact and treatment of neurological conditions via ketone production. Exogenous medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation may induce nutritional ketosis. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the effects of MCTs on memory function in older adults without cognitive impairment. METHODS: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science was employed from inception until April 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, investigating the impact of MCT oils on components of memory...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Geriatric dehydration is a widespread and under recognized problem. The purpose of this review was to examine the latest evidence regarding geriatric dehydration and provide practical guidance for health professionals. RECENT FINDINGS: This review covers evidence from the past 2 years and shows that geriatric dehydration is not benign and is associated with significant personal distress, as well as negative economic and health system consequences...

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a chronic and progressive disease, which is accompanied by the decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance with aging, and it can lead to falls, fracture, and premature death. The prevention and treatment of sarcopenia mainly include exercise therapy and nutritional supplement. Exercise therapy is one of the most potential interventions to prevent and/or delay the progression of sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT), one of the most commonly used exercise types, is widely used in the treatment of sarcopenia, while vibration training (VT) is a prospective strategy for improving sarcopenia in older people...

Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore factors associated with the ability of people with PD to perform food-related activities (FRAs). Methods: Eleven dyads, older adults with Parkinson disease (PD) and their care-partners ( n = 22), completed virtual semi-structured interviews guided by the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) that were independently analyzed by two coders via directed content analysis. Results: The following themes were identified-(1) Personal: perception of a healthy diet, perception of how nutrition influences PD, confidence in following a healthy diet, and barriers to performing FRA; (2) Environmental: previous sources of nutrition information and willingness to changing their diet with a registered dietitian; and (3) Behavioral: modifications to FRA due to food-medication interactions, and skills necessary to maintain a healthy diet...

Cardiovascular prevention is also particularly successful in old people in terms of preventing major cardiovascular events. The concept of prevention of geriatric diseases can, however, be expanded taking the insights of geroscience into consideration, so that slowing the ageing process per se can be set as a new goal: ageing is the pertinent basis of nearly all chronic diseases in adulthood, a line of argument for which the cardiovascular system can serve as a prototype. Consequently, treating ageing can help prevent the typical chronic diseases in old people, i...